Eles podem cercá-lo com juncos [presos no chão e retos (uma partição perpendicular; a de cordas, sendo horizontal)], desde que não haja mais de três tefachim entre uma palheta e a seguinte. Isto foi afirmado em relação a uma caravana. [Eles eram indulgentes com eles, exigindo um arranjo perpendicular, como nos juncos, ou horizontal, como nas cordas; mas eles não eram indulgentes com um indivíduo, exigindo tanto perpendicular quanto horizontal. (Três homens são considerados uma "caravana".)] Estas são as palavras de R. Yehudah. Os sábios disseram: Eles falavam de uma "caravana" apenas como sendo uma instância comum (mas é permitida até para um indivíduo). Qualquer partição que não seja (ambas) perpendicular e horizontal não é uma partição. Estas são as palavras de R. Yossi b. R. Yehudah. [R. Yossi b. R. Yehudah difere de seu pai, dizendo que mesmo uma caravana exige perpendicular e horizontal.] A diferença entre os primeiros rabinos e o segundo: Os primeiros rabinos permitiam a um indivíduo apenas em um caso como o de uma caravana, ou seja, quando ele está na estrada e não pode fazer uma partição regular, mas não quando está no assentamento. E os segundos rabinos dizem: De qualquer maneira (perpendicular ou horizontal), seja para um indivíduo ou para muitos; seja na estrada ou em um assentamento. E a halachá está de acordo com eles. Mas um ou dois homens que acamparam no deserto não podem fazer uma partição maior que beth sa'atayim, de cem côvados de comprimento por cinquenta de largura, conforme a corte do tabernáculo. E três ou mais homens constituem uma "caravana", e podem fazer uma grande partição, até vários milhares, conforme exigido por eles, seus pertences e animais, desde que não haja espaço vazio maior que um beth sa 'atayim na partição. Aqueles que saem para a guerra [mesmo uma guerra sancionada (milchemeth reshuth, ao contrário do milchemeth mitzvah)] foram isentos de quatro coisas: podem trazer madeira de qualquer lugar [sem preocupação com o roubo, mesmo que tenha sido cortada e empilhada por Os donos]; eles estão isentos de lavar as mãos [antes de uma refeição. (Mas eles são obrigados a lavar após a refeição; essa lavagem foi prescrita por causa do sal sodomita, que causa cegueira. Um risco (para a vida) é mais rigoroso do que uma proibição.]]; (eles estão isentos) de demai [Eles não são obrigados a separar terumath ma'aser de demai (produto suspeito), como quando compraram produtos de um am ha'aretz]; (e estão isentos) de fazer um eruv [um eruv de tribunais, como de tenda em tenda dentro do acampamento cercado por divisórias; mas eles precisam fazer um eruv de limites (do sábado).]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מקיפין בקנים – wedged in and standing and this is a partition of warp but of ropes it would be a partition of woof.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah continues to deal with setting up a partition around an encampment so that one may carry within the encampment.
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בשיירא דברו – they were lenient regarding them since they don’t need anything other either a warp such as reeds or a woof, such as ropes, but for an individual, they were not lenient , but rather until it has [both] warp and woof and three people [in it], they are like a caravan.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
They may also surround [the camp] with reeds, provided there is no [gap of] three handbreadths between one reed and the next. Yesterday we learned that they can set up a partition around the encampment by encircling it with three ropes, so long as there are no more than three handbreadths between each rope. Today we see how a partition can be set up horizontally. This is done by setting up reeds (poles) around the encampment. Between each reed there can be no more than three handbreadths, for less than three handbreadths is an amount that is legally considered as if it doesn’t exist.
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כל מחיצה שאינה של שתי וערב כו' - Rabbi Yosi the son of Rabbi Yehuda disputes on that of his father, and states that even for a caravan, it requires warp and woof.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
[The rabbis] spoke only of a caravan, the words of Rabbi Judah. But the sages say that they only spoke of a caravan because it is a usual occurrence. So far these mishnayot have only been speaking about surrounding a caravan with a partition. The rabbis now debate whether the same type of partition may be used in other cases as well. According to Rabbi Judah, the previous mishnayot relate only to the situation of a caravan. An individual stuck out in an uninhabited place for Shabbat would have to make a partition of both horizontal and vertical pieces in order to carry within. The other sages disagree and rule that the previous mishnayot mentioned the encamped caravan only because that was a normal situation. The same rules would apply to other situations as well.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אחד משני דברים – either warp or woof and there is [a difference] between the earlier Rabbis and the latter Rabbis, for the earlier Rabbis did not permit for an individual other than something similar to a caravan on the way, since it cannot make an appropriate partition and it is not in a settlement, but the latter Rabbis stated that one of two things, whether for an individual or a group, whether on the road or in a settlement, and the Halakha is according to them, but that one person or two that dwelled in the wilderness are not able to make a partition larger than field requiring two Se’ah of seed which is one-hundred cubits long by fifty cubits wide like the courtyard of the Tabernacle and three people or ore are a caravan and they are able to make a large partition and even several miles according what they need and for the utensils that they use and for their animals, as long as there not remain a free space within the partition greater than the field requiring two Se’ah of seed.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Any partition that is not [made up of] both vertical and horizontal [pieces] is not a valid partition, the words of Rabbi Yose bar Judah. But the sages say: one of the two [is sufficient]. Rabbi Yose disagrees with his father who held that for the caravan a partition of either horizontal ropes or vertical reeds is sufficient. Rabbi Yose holds that a partition that does not have both is not a valid partition, neither for an individual nor for a caravan. The sages continue to rule that a partition can be set up with either vertical or horizontal pieces, as we learned in the previous mishnayot. Both are not necessary.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
פטרו במחנה – for those who go out to war and even to an optional war [to gain territory outside the Land of Israel].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
They exempted four obligations [to soldiers] in an encampment: They may bring wood from anywhere; they are exempt from the washing of the hands, and from [separating tithes from] doubtfully tithed produce ( and from the setting up an eruv. There are four ways in which the rabbis were lenient with regard to the rules governing soldiers in an encampment. Note that these rules do not apply specifically to Shabbat; only the last one refers to Shabbat. First of all, they may bring wood from anywhere they find it and it is not considered stealing. Second, they need not wash their hands before eating. Third, if they are eating doubtfully tithed produce (demai), they need not tithe it. Tithing demai is only a rabbinic obligation and hence there is space to be lenient. Fourth, to carry from tent to tent within the encampment, they do not need to set up an eruv (a communal meal). A partition surrounding the encampment is sufficient, as we have learned.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מביאין עצים – and we don’t suspect them of theft, and even if their owners cut them and made of them packages.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ופטורים מרחיצת ידים – [exempt from washing the hands] before the meal, but for the water [for washing] after the meal, they are obligated, since it was established on account of the danger of the Sodomite salt that blinds the eye, the danger is graver than the prohibition.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ומדמאי – that they don’t have to separate the tenth of a tenth of doubtfully tithed produce such as if they took grain from an ignoramus [who does not observe the laws of tithing properly].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ומלערב – The Eruvim of courtyards such as from tent to tent in the camp surrounded by partitions, but the Eruvim of borders/limits they are required to make [those Eruvim].
