É permitido comer alimentos secos com mãos impuras, com terumah, mas não com kodesh. [Esta é a intenção: é permitido comer alimentos secos de chullin com mãos impuras, com terumah, mas não com kodesh, ou seja, se alguém colocasse comida de kodesh na boca de seu amigo com mãos limpas, as mãos do comedor sendo imundas; ou se ele mesmo enfiava esse alimento na boca com uma cana ou uma vara, e desejava comer rabanete ou cebola com chullin, caso em que suas mãos impuras, que são de imundície de segundo grau, não fazem o chullin impuros, ainda assim, os rabinos decretaram que ele não os comeria com kodesh, para que ele não tocasse a comida kodesh em sua boca com as mãos impuras. Mas em relação a terumah, embora mãos impuras a tornem imprópria, elas não estabeleceram esse nível superior, mas supuseram que ele poderia tomar cuidado e não tocá-lo. "Alimentos secos" é declarado, pois se o líquido estivesse sobre eles, o líquido se tornaria impureza do primeiro decreto por causa de suas mãos e tornaria o chullin imundo de segundo grau, de modo que, quando tocasse o terumah em sua boca, tornaria impróprio.] Um enlutado [que não se tornou impuro por meio de (contato com o corpo de) seu morto] e outro sem expiação [aquele que imergiu e cujo pôr do sol, mas que ainda não trouxe suas ofertas] exigem imersão para kodesh , mas não para terumah. [Depois que ele traz suas ofertas, se ele deseja comer kodesh, ele deve mergulhar. Pois, até agora eles eram proibidos de comer kodesh, os rabinos exigiam imersão. Quem não tem expiação torna o kodesh impróprio por tocá-lo. E um enlutado, mesmo que não o coma, não o torna impróprio por tocá-lo. E mesmo que um enlutado não possa comer o segundo dízimo, ele tem permissão para comer terumah, derivado de (Levítico 22:10): "E todo estrangeiro (ou seja, não sacerdote) não deve comer a coisa sagrada (terumah) "— "Estranho" (desqualifica), e não luto.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Chagigah
אוכלין אוכלים נגובים בידים מסואבות בתרומה – this is how it should be read: they eat dry foods of Hullin/non-holy, fully tithed with soiled/unwashed hands with Priest’s due/Terumah, but not with Holy/sanctified things. He whose fellow inserted/stuck sanctified foods into his mouth with ritually pure hands. But this one who is eating had soiled hands or that he inserted by himself sanctified foods in his mouth with a reed or a whorl [of the spindle], and he requested to eat a radish or an onion of Hullin/non-holy, totally tithed produce with them, for the soiled hands which are second degree of Levitical uncleanness do not defile the Hullin; nevertheless, the Rabbis decreed that he should not eat them with the sanctified foods, lest his soiled hands come in contact with the sanctified food that is in his mouth. But regarding the matter of Priest’s due/Terumah, even though soiled hands do defile, they do not make this gradation, but we say that he is careful and doesn’t come in contact. And for this reason, [the Mishnah uses the word "נגובים /”dried” for if he were now to place liquid upon them, these liquids would become first-degree of Levitical uncleanness on account of the hands, and makes the Hullin/non-holy, totally tithed produce second-degree of Levitical uncleanness and when he touches the Terumah/priest’s due that is in his mouth, he defiles it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chagigah
Introduction
Another two stringencies for sacred things.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chagigah
האונן – who did not become defiled through his dead [lying before him – i.e., yet unburied].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chagigah
They may eat dry foods with impure hands when it comes to terumah, but not when it comes to sacred things. Wet food is susceptible to impurity whereas dry food is not (see Leviticus 11:34, 38). This is true in all cases except for the case of sacred food. The idea is that “the love of the sacred makes it susceptible to impurity.” [This is a fascinating concept, demonstrating well that the concept of sacredness and susceptible to impurity are intimately connected.] Therefore one cannot eat sacred food with impure hands, even if the hands are dry. Terumah is like normal food and doesn’t receive impurity unless it becomes wet.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chagigah
ומחוסר כפורים – he immersed and sunset had occurred, but he had not brought his sacrifices.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chagigah
The one who has not yet buried his dead (an and one who lacks atonement require immersion for sacred things but not for terumah. When one of a person’s seven close relatives dies, he/she is an onen on that day and the night thereafter. An onen may not eat sacrifices. Similarly a person who needed to bring certain sacrifices in order to complete his period of impurity (such as a leper, see Leviticus 14:10) cannot eat other sacrifices until he brings these mandated sacrifices. The rabbis decreed that before these people can eat sacrifices they must go to the mikveh. This immersion would aid in the transition between their former state of not being able to eat sacrifices to a state of being able to eat sacrifices. In contrast, an onen and a formerly impure person who had not brought sacrifices can eat terumah, therefore upon the completion of the period of being an onen and after bringing the sacrifice he may continue to eat terumah without another immersion.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chagigah
צריכין טבילה – for after he will bring his sacrifice, if he wants to eat sanctified food, since for up to the present time, they were prohibited to consume sanctified things, the Rabbis required of him ritual immersion. But those lacking atonement defiles the sanctified food through contact, and the mourner before the burial of a kinsman/Onen is prohibited [to consume] Second Tithe, but is permitted [to consume] Terumah [assuming that he is a Kohen or she is married to one], for we include him from [the verse] (Leviticus 22:10): “No lay person shall eat of the sacred donations.” I said to you, those who are “foreign” but not those who are in the status of mourning before the burial of a kinsman.
