Um só traz Bikkurim das sete espécies [especiais para a Terra de Israel, listadas em Dt. 8: 8], [mas] não das datas das montanhas ou dos frutos do vale, nem das azeitonas que não são da mais alta qualidade. Não se traz Bikkurim antes de Atseret [Shavuot, o festival da colheita]. O povo de Har Tsevo'im trouxe seus Bikkurim e eles [os sacerdotes] não aceitaram [os frutos] por causa do verso da Torá (Êxodo 23:16) "E a festa da colheita, os primeiros frutos do seu trabalho que você plantar no campo ".
Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
אלא משבעת המינין – As it is written (Deuteronomy 26:2), “And you shall take some of every first fruit of the soil,” and not all of the first [fruit], for all of the fruits are not required for [the ceremony of] First Fruits, other than the seven species through the land of Israel is praised: wheat, barley, [vines, figs, and pomegranates, olives and honey – see Deuteronomy 8:8]; and [the] honey [referred to] is the honey of the date-palm.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Introduction
The Torah never directly states that first fruits are to be brought only from the seven species in which Israel was blessed (Deuteronomy 8:8), wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olive oil and date-honey. Nevertheless, our mishnah teaches that bikkurim are brought only from these species and only from quality types of these species.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
מתמרים שבהרים ופירות שבעמקים – because they are inferior [in quality]
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Bikkurim are brought only from the seven species. As stated in the introduction, the laws of bikkurim apply only to these species.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
ולא מזיתי שמן שאינם מן המובחר – as it is written, (,Deuteronomy 8:8), “a land of olive trees and honey”; olives fit for storage (medium size – see Mishnah Kelim 17:8), upon which rain comes and stores up its oil in it (i.e., does not let it trickle out) and It is the best and praiseworthy.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Not from dates grown on hills, nor from [the other species] grown in the valley, nor from olives that are not choice. Choice dates grow in the valleys, whereas when it comes to the other species, the choice types grow in the hilly country. Therefore, one can bring dates only from trees that grow in the valleys and from the other species when they grow in the hills. Similarly, one can only bring choice olives.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
אין מביאין בכורים קודם לעצרת – The two loaves that we bring on Shavuot are called “Bikkurim”/First Fruits, and these permit [the usage] of new grain in the Temple.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Bikkurim are not to be brought before Shavuot. The Torah does not actually state when one is to bring bikkurim. However, it alludes to this when it calls Shavuot “the festival of the harvest, the first-fruits of your labors.” From this verse the rabbis learned that one cannot bring bikkurim before Shavuot, although one can bring them after Shavuot.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
The people from Mt. Zevoim brought bikkurim prior to Atzeret (, but they did not accept from them, on for it is written in the Torah: “And the festival of the harvest, the first-fruits of your labors, which you have sown in the field” (Exodus 23:16). This final section was found also in Hallah 4:10. The people from Mt. Zevoim evidently thought that it was okay to bring first fruits before Shavuot. When they got to the Temple, the priests did not accept them.
