Beth Shammai diz: Primeiro as mãos são lavadas e depois o copo de vinho é derramado. [Pois se você disser que primeiro o copo de vinho é derramado, talvez gotas caiam do lado de fora do copo e se tornem mansos (ritualmente imundos) por causa de suas mãos. Pois as mãos, antes de serem lavadas, são de tumah de segunda ordem (impureza), e transmitem tumah de primeira ordem a líquidos, que, por sua vez, tornam a parte externa do copo mais suave. Para líquidos que se tornaram mansos, comunique tumah aos vasos por ordem rabínica. Eles eram indulgentes em relação a esse tumah, pois se a parte externa de um vaso se tornasse mansa por líquidos impuros, nem seu interior, nem suas mãos, nem sua borda se tornavam mansos. E Beth Shammai sustenta que é proibido fazer uso de uma embarcação cujo exterior é manso, mesmo que o seu interior não se torne manso—um decreto para que as gotas não caiam de dentro para fora do copo, e as gotas se mancam por causa do exterior e, por sua vez, transmitem tumah às mãos. E porque é proibido usar um vaso cujo exterior é manso, primeiro as mãos são lavadas e depois o vinho é derramado, de modo que as gotas do lado de fora não se mantenham pelas mãos e tornam a parte externa do copo mansa. use o copo de forma ilícita.] E Beth Hillel diz: Primeiro o copo é derramado e depois as mãos são lavadas. [Beth Hillel sustenta que não é proibido o uso de uma embarcação cujo exterior seja manso. Portanto, primeiro ele derrama o copo e bebe, e depois lava as mãos. Pois, se você disser que ele lava primeiro e depois derrama o copo, pode ser que a parte externa do copo seja domada, sendo permitido usar um vaso cujo lado de fora é domado, e pode ser que as mãos dele não estejam completamente secas, de modo que a parte externa do vaso transmita tumah à água em suas mãos, e essa água, tendo se tornado tumah de primeira ordem, torna suas mãos domadas e ele come com mãos "sujas".]
Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
בית שמאי אומרים: נוטלין לידים ואחר כך מוזגין את הכוס – For if you say “pour the cup” first, as a preventive measure, lest they defile the liquids that fell on the back of the cup on account of one’s hands, for hands prior to washing them are considered impure in the second-degree, and they defile liquids to become impure in the first-degree, and these liquids would come back and defile the outer surface of the cup, for the liquids that were defiled, defile utensils, according to the Rabbis, but they were lenient in this defilement for the utensil whose back was defiled by liquids [which] are impure, what is inside [the utensil] is not defiled nor one’s hands nor its (the utensil’s) rim. And the School of Shammai thinks that it is forbidden to use the cup whose back is impure, even though the inside was not defiled, as a preventive measure, lest splashing [of liquid] of drops from inside [the cup] touch the outer surface of the cup , and the liquids would acquire defilement on account of the outside of the cup, and would defile the hands, and since it is forbidden to use a utensil whose outside are impure, therefore, we wash our hands first and thereafter pour the cup [of wine], in order that the liquid on the outside of the utensil would not receive defilement on account of the hands – and the outside of the utensils would be found to be [ritually] impure, on account of those liquids and we would be using something that is in a forbidden state; but the School of Hillel thinks that there is no prohibition to use a utensil whose external parts are impure; therefore, we pour the cup [of wine] first and drink it and afterwards wash the hands, for if one would say that we wash the hands first and afterwards pour the cup, as a preventive measure lest the external parts of the cup would be impure, for it is permitted to handle a utensil whose external parts are impure, even if one’s hands are not dried well , which would defile the external parts of the utensil, the liquids on his hands and those liquids that had been made “first-degree” impure would defile the hands and it would be found that he would be eating with unclean hands.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Introduction
Our mishnah contains another debate between Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel about table manners.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Bet Shammai says: they wash their hands and then they pour the cup [of wine]. Bet Hillel says: they pour the cup [of wine] and then they wash their hands. According to Bet Shammai first they wash their hands in order to purify them and only afterwards do they pour the first cup of wine. Bet Shammai fears that if they pour before the hands are washed and purified, some of the wine might get on the outside of the cup and when the person drinking touches the cup he will make them impure and they will then cause the cup to be impure. Bet Hillel holds that first the cup should be poured and then the hands washed. It seems that they hold that the hands must be washed immediately before the food is eaten and that there shouldn’t be any break in between. Today on days on which Kiddush is recited most people pour the wine, say Kiddush and then wash their hands before they say “Hamotzi,”, the blessing over the bread, and begin the meal. However, there are some whose custom it is to wash hands before Kiddush and then proceed directly from Kiddush to Hamotzi.
