Miszna
Miszna

Talmud do Nazir 1:2

הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מִן הַחַרְצַנִּים, וּמִן הַזַּגִּים, וּמִן הַתִּגְלַחַת, וּמִן הַטֻּמְאָה, הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר וְכָל דִּקְדּוּקֵי נְזִירוּת עָלָיו. הֲרֵינִי כְשִׁמְשׁוֹן, כְּבֶן מָנוֹחַ, כְּבַעַל דְּלִילָה, כְּמִי שֶׁעָקַר דַּלְתוֹת עַזָּה, כְּמִי שֶׁנִּקְּרוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים אֶת עֵינָיו, הֲרֵי זֶה נְזִיר שִׁמְשׁוֹן. מַה בֵּין נְזִיר עוֹלָם לִנְזִיר שִׁמְשׁוֹן. נְזִיר עוֹלָם, הִכְבִּיד שְׂעָרוֹ, מֵקֵל בְּתַעַר וּמֵבִיא שָׁלשׁ בְּהֵמוֹת. וְאִם נִטְמָא, מֵבִיא קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה. נְזִיר שִׁמְשׁוֹן, הִכְבִּיד שְׂעָרוֹ, אֵינוֹ מֵקֵל. וְאִם נִטְמָא, אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא קָרְבַּן טֻמְאָה:

(Jeśli ktoś powiedział :) „Będę Nazirejczykiem z chartzanim” (ziarenka winogron) l „z zagimu” (łuski winogron), „z golenia” lub „z nieczystości”, zostaje nazirejczykiem i wszystkie szczegóły nazirytyzmu. [Jeśli wspomina o którymkolwiek z nich, staje się nazirejczykiem, jakby powiedział: „Będę nazirejczykiem”, bez zastrzeżeń. A ponieważ na końcu Miszny naucza się, że nie wszystkie szczegóły naziretyzmu odnoszą się do wiecznego nazirejczyka (Nazir olam) i Shimshon Nazire, tutaj uczy się, że wszystkie szczegóły naziretyzmu odnoszą się do niego.] (Jeśli ktoś powiedział :) „Będę jak Szimszon”, jak syn Manoacha, „jak mąż Dalili”, „jak ten, który wyrwał drzwi Azzy”, „jak ten, któremu Filistyni wyłupili oczy , "staje się Shimshon Nazirejczykiem. Jaka jest różnica między wiecznym nazirejczykiem a Shimshon Nazirejczykiem?" [Naszej Miszny jest "brak", a to oznacza: "A jeśli ślubował zostać wiecznym nazirejczykiem, staje się wieczny nazyrejczyk. A jaka jest różnica między wiecznym nazirejczykiem a wiecznym nazirejczykiem z Shimshon? ”].—jeśli jego włosy stają się ciężkie, może je rozjaśniać brzytwą [co dwanaście miesięcy. Wywodzi się to z (na przykładzie) Avszaloma, który był wiecznym nazirejczykiem i o którym jest napisane (2 Samuela 14; 26)): „I to było na końcu Yamimów, które ogolił Yamim; ponieważ stał się dla niego ciężki i chciał go ogolić ”, a jest napisane w innym miejscu (Księga Kapłańska 25:29):„ Yamim ”(w kontekście:„ rok dni ”) będzie jego odkupieniem”]. bestie (w dniu, w którym go goli). A jeśli stanie się nieczysty, przyniesie ofiarę (jako zadośćuczynienie) za swoją nieczystość. Szimszon Nazirejczyk—jeśli jego włosy stają się ciężkie, nie może ich ulżyć, a jeśli stanie się nieczysty, nie przyniesie ofiary za nieczystość. [I może stać się nieczysty nawet ab initio, gdyż Szimszon stałby się nieczysty przez (kontakt z martwymi ciałami), służąc jako źródło (dla halacha). Co do naszej wiedzy: „jeśli stanie się nieczysty”, co oznacza „po fakcie”, ale nie ab initio— Ponieważ w pierwszej części Miszny nauczano o wiecznym nazyrecie: „a jeśli stanie się nieczysty”, jest to również nauczane na końcu, w odniesieniu do Szimszona Nazirejczyka: „i jeśli stanie się nieczysty”].

Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin

Mishnah: “Be married to me preliminarily by this date fruit,” etc. The Mishnah [presents the case] that she said, I cannot accept this one, try that one; I cannot accept this one, try that one56In this interpretation, if the man said: Be preliminarily married to me by this, by that one, etc., she would be married if all dates together were worth a peruṭah. If the preliminary marriage must be mentioned every time, it must be that the proposal was rejected in between. Then not any date but specifically the last one must be worth a peruṭah.. “By this and by that one and by that one.57The triple mention is the version of the Mishnah in the Babli and most independent Mishnah mss.” Who is the Tanna of Wawim? Rebbi Jehudah. But for Rebbi Meïr, either this or this or that one58The positions of Rebbis Jehudah and Meïr about the interpretation of conjunctions in multiple statements are discussed in Giṭṭin 9:7, Notes 93–101..
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Jerusalem Talmud Shevuot

How does Rebbi Ismael explain the verse? 72Lev. 5:4. The causative refers to the future.Or a person, if he would swear blurting out with his lips, a general statement. To cause evil or cause good, a detail. A general statement followed by a detail; the general statement contains only what is in the detail. But the detail only contains matters of causing evil or good! But it is so: To cause evil or cause good, a detail. Anything which a person will blurt out, a general statement. A detail followed by a general statement, everything is included; this adds matters directed towards the past. But it is so: Or a person, if he would swear blurting out with his lips, a general statement. To cause evil or cause good, a detail. Anything which a person will blurt out, a general statement. A general statement followed by a detail followed by a general statement, you only argue in the pattern of the detail83In the version of Sifra(Introduction1), in the list of the thirteen hermeneutical principles of R. Ismael one finds (5) a general statement followed by a detail, (6) a detail followed by a general statement, (7) a general statement followed by a detail followed by a general statement you only argue following the pattern of the detail, (8) a general statement dependent on the detail, (9) a detail dependent on the general statement. Rules 8 and 9 mean that if the general statement can only be understood by the detail or vice versa, rules 5 and 6 do not apply. It then is explained in §7 that if a general statement is followed by a detail, only the detail is intended. §8: If a detail is followed by a general statement, the general statement adds to the detail. Examples are Lev. 1:2: From animals, from cattle, or from small cattle. This implies that sacrifices are restricted to cattle, sheep, or goats. Ex. 22:9: A donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal. The rules of caretakers apply to any animal. Then it becomes a problem how to treat a verse which contains general statement, detail, general statement, whether to apply rule 5 (eliminating the final general statement by rule 9), or rule 6 (eliminating the first general statement by rule 8), or rule 7. In the preceding derivation, the arguments have been suppressed that rules 8 and 9 do not apply and, therefore, only rule 7 is relevant. The standard example for an application of rule 7 is Deut. 14:26, about permitted uses of Second Tithe money at the place of the Sanctuary: You may spend the money for anything you desire(general), for cattle, or small cattle, or wine, or liquor(detail), or anything you wish(general). The common denominator of the items in the detail describes animal or vegetable food; Second Tithe money can be used for any food derived from animals (generated from semen) or plants (growing from seeds).
Since the first part of Lev. 5:4 fits Rule 7, it is clear that the rule applies not only to oaths intended to cause good or evil but to a larger set of oaths which, however, have to conform to the idea underlying “causing good or bad things”. Obviously one of the ideas is that events caused are later in time than the cause. This is R. Ismael’s interpretation of the verse. Babli 26a.
. Since the detail is explicit, matters of causing evil or good, from where matters not causing evil or good? 84Quote from the Mishnah.“He answered him, from the additional text of the verse73,The continuation of the quote, anything which a person will blurt out in an oath, which seems to be superfluous since the sentence starts: Or a person who would swear blurting out with his lips. The addition indicates that the verse should not be interpreted narrowly. Cf. Note 83.85This is not an additional argument. The additional text shows that the rule to be applied is rule 7, not rule 5. R. Aqiba follows a different system. For him the sentence structure is not general, detail, general but expansive, restrictive, expansive, which he reads as including everything except what is completely different from the detail quoted as restriction.. He answered, just as the verse added for this, the verse added for the other86The text of R. Aqiba’s answer is the text of the Mishnah in the Babli. It is known that the separate Mishnah in the Yerushalmi is not from the Yerushalmi text. The Mishnah text in Maimonides’s autograph is that of the separate Yerushalmi Mishnah..” You cannot87The Mishnah cannot be quoted as proof that R. Ismael conceded to R. Aqiba., as Rebbi Hila said in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: So did Rebbi Ismael11Who is R. Aqiba’s opponent. All of Mishnah 1 is R. Aqiba’s teaching. R. Ismael opposes adding backward looking oaths as blurted oaths. answer Rebbi Aqiba. Do we find cases where one is liable for intentional action because of a false oath but if in oblivion because of a blurted oath12A future directed oath, where it cannot be verified instantly whether it will be kept or violated, is an actionless crime and cannot be prosecuted (cf. Note 3). The preconditions of a sacrifice for a blurted oath negate the possibility of judicial penalties.? Could he not have objected, do we find cases where one is liable for intentional action because of a false oath and he has to bring a sacrifice13If R. Aqiba did accept R. Joḥanan’s argument, it would be possible for a person to be flogged for violating the prohibition of perjury (Lev. 19:12) and still be liable for a sacrifice. This would make R. Ismael’s objection irrelevant.? He said to him88R. Aqiba to R. Ismael., do you agree that there are cases which are not matters of causing evil or good, even if they are not written89Since they are not mentioned in the verse. For לי נן read לֵי[ת אִי]נֻּן.? He told him90R. Ismael to R. Aqiba., even though I accept cases which are not matters of causing evil or good, are they only written if they be matters of causing evil or good91It is obvious from rule 7 that the obligation of a variable sacrifice for a blurted oath must hold for a larger set than “causing bad or good things”. The only problem is to define this larger set and the causative employed definitively excludes oaths regarding the past. The Tanna of the Mishnah cannot accept R. Ismael’s hermeneutical rules.? Therefore never for the past92Since the oath is void, he is prevented from sacrificing if it was unintentional. If it was intentional he can be prosecuted for a vain oath, forbidden in the Ten Commandments..
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