(Jeśli ktoś pożegna się) z kapusty, nie wolno mu (jeść) szparagów [rodzaj kapusty. Ale kapusta nie nazywa się szparagami. Inna interpretacja: „szparagi”—woda, w której gotuje się szparagi.] (Jeśli się zjada) ze szparagów, wolno mu (jeść) kapustę. z fasoli nie wolno mu (jeść) mikpeh [grubego naczynia z fasolą lub budyniem. Bo chociaż są włożone do mikpeh, nadal nazywa się je „fasolą”. R. Yossi na to pozwala. [Uważa bowiem, że nazywa się to „mikpeh” fasoli, ale nie samą „fasolą”. z mikpeh wolno mu (jeść) fasolę. z mykwy nie wolno mu (jeść) czosnku. [Do każdej mykwy wkładali czosnek, żeby nadać jej smak, a czosnek to „mikpeh”.] R. Yossi na to pozwala. od ashishim wolno mu (jeść) soczewicę. [ashishim to pozostałości soczewicy. Halacha nie jest zgodna z R. Yossi we wszystkich trzech przypadkach w naszej Misznie.] „Pszenica, pszenica, której nie smakuję” [„pszenica” oznacza pieczony bochenek; „pszenica”, materia do żucia], nie wolno mu ich jeść, ani mąki, ani bochenka. „fasola, fasola, której nie smakuję”, nie wolno mu (jeść) ich, zarówno surowych, jak i gotowanych. R. Juda mówi (jeśli mówi :) „Konam, że nie jem fasoli ani pszenicy”, wolno mu je żuć na surowo.
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אספרגוס – it is a kind of cabbage, but cabbage is not called by the name of asparagus. Another explanation: Asparagus, the water that the cabbage seethed in it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that one who vows to abstain from certain foods may still have other foods that have the same name, if they also have an accompanying name. Today’s mishnah teaches that one who vows to abstain from certain other foods, may nevertheless also be prohibited from having foods which are in those foods.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
מן הגיסין אסור במקפה – for even though that they are placed in the stiff mass of grist, oil and onions/the porriage, the name of the dish of pounded grains is upon them.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
[He who vows abstinence] from cabbage is forbidden asparagus; from asparagus, is permitted cabbage; From grits, is forbidden grits pottage; Rabbi Yose permits it; from grits pottage is permitted grits. From grits pottage, is forbidden garlic; Rabbi Yose permits it; from garlic, he is permitted grits pottage. From lentils, is forbidden lentil cakes; Rabbi Yose permits them; from lentil cakes, is permitted. In these cases one food includes other food, but the inclusion is not mutual. Cabbage (at least in Hebrew) includes asparagus. Therefore, one who vows not to have cabbage must also not have asparagus. However, asparagus does not include cabbage, and therefore one who vows not to have asparagus, may still have cabbage. “Grits pottage” is a dish that includes grits, oil and garlic. According to one opinion, since people sometimes call “grits pottage”, “grits”, one who vows not to have “grits pottage” may also not have “grits”. Rabbi Yose says that the two are usually called by different names. One who vows not to have “grits pottage” may also not have the garlic put into the pottage. Rabbi Yose disagrees and holds that by his vow he did not intend to include the garlic and therefore garlic is permitted. All agree that if he vowed to abstain from the garlic he may still have the pottage. One who vows not to have lentils may not have lentil cakes, for lentils are the prime ingredient of lentil cakes. Rabbi Yose again disagrees. However, all agree that if one vows not to have lentil cakes he may still have regular lentils. We can see a trend by now. One who vows not to have the main ingredient of a certain dish, may not eat the dish or the main ingredient separate from the dish. However, one who vows not to have the dish, may eat the main ingredient separate from the dish.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
ורבי יוסי מתיר – for he holds that it is called a porridge of pounded grains, it is not called mere pounded grains.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
[If one says] “Konam, if I eat wheat [or] wheats,” he is forbidden both flour and bread. “If I eat grit [or], grits,” he is forbidden both raw and cooked. Rabbi Judah says: [If one says], “Konam, if I eat grits or wheat,” he may chew them raw. According to some commentators, the person vowing in this section used double language, and is therefore prohibited from wheat in any form. Others explain that the mishnah refers to a person who said “wheat” or “wheats” (which is proper diction in Hebrew), but not both. The same rule holds true for grit or grits. Rabbi Judah holds that one who vows not to have wheat or grits may still chew raw grains. “Wheat” refers to flour and “grits” refers to semi-processed kernels. Neither word is generally used to refer to raw, unprocessed kernels, and therefore they are still permitted to him.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
מקפה – a thick cooked dish of beans or of a sort of pudding consisting of minced meats, mixed with wine and spices.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
הנודר מן המקפה אסור בשום – it was customary to put garlic in every porridge in order that it would provide flavor, and the garlic is the stiff mass of grist, oil and onions.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אסור באשישין (cake made with boiled lentils impregnated with honey) – the refuse of lentils, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi in these three segments of our Mishnah.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
חטה חטים שאיני טועם – a grain of wheat, implies baked bread; wheat [ground up] implies to chew.
