Mykwa zawierający wodę i tynk kwotę [razem] do czterdziestu se'ah rabin Eliezer mówi: jeden zanurza [siebie lub innych przedmiotów] w wodzie i nie wolno zanurzać w tynku. Rabin Yehoshua mówi: [jedno zanurza się] w wodzie i gipsie. W jakim tynku można się zanurzyć? W tynku, nad którym unosi się woda. Jeśli wody były po jednej stronie, rabin Jehoszua zgadza się, że ktoś zanurza się w wodzie, a nie w tynku. O którym tynku to powiedziano? Odnośnie tynku, w którym trzcina sama schodzi do niego, według rabina Meira. Rabin Jehuda mówi: miejsce, w którym [tynk jest na tyle cienki, że] miarka nie będzie stać [prosto]. Abba Elazar ben Dolai mówi: miejsce, w którym opada ciężar [budowniczego]. Rabin Eliezer mówi: ten [tynk], który opuści się do beczki [z wąskim otworem, gdy zostanie wlany]. Rabin Szimon mówi: to, co może dostać się do tuby kolby. Rabin Elazar bar Tadek mówi: to, co można zmierzyć w dzienniku [tj statek z szerszym otwarciem, używane do pomiaru dziennik ].
Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
רבי יהושע אומר בטיט ובמים – when the water floats on top of the mud/plaster/clay and even his feet are sunk in the mud/clay/plaster, they immerse objects, according to Rabbi Yehoshua, because the waters came first. But Rabbi Eliezer does not have this line of thought. But if he would immerse a small utensil in the water that floats on top of the mud/clay/plaster, in this Rabbi Eliezer admits that the immersion was acceptable, since it did not sink in the mud/clay at all and [they] combine to complete forty Seah. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehoshua.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
Introduction
Today's mishnah deals with a mikveh whose forty seahs are a mixture of mud and water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
שהקנה יורד מאליו – that it is soft and worn out so much that if they would put in it a reed, it would sink in the mud/clay/plaster on its own.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
A mikveh which contains forty seahs of water and mud [combined]: Rabbi Eliezer says: one may immerse objects in the water but one may not immerse them in the mud. But Rabbi Joshua says: in the water and also in the mud. Rabbi Eliezer says that one may immerse only in the water, but not in the mud. Rabbi Joshua is again lenient. He allows one to use such a mikveh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
מקום שאין קנה המדה עומד – the rod/reed that they measure with does not stand on its own with it, and this is not soft and worn out like at first.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
In what kind of mud may objects be immersed? Mud over which water floats. Rabbi Joshua allows one to immerse in such a mikveh only if the water floats on top of the mud. If the mud floats on top of the water he agrees that it is not usable.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
משקולת (plummet) – that which refers to builders/masons. And all of these measurements each one adds with the difficulty of the clay/plaster and its thickness, for the first is softer than all of them, and the second is harder than it, and the third is harder than it (i.e., the second), and similarly all of them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
If the water was on one side only, Rabbi Joshua agrees that objects may be immersed in the water but may not be immersed in the mud. Furthermore, if the water is not mixed up with the mud, he can't just immerse in the mud. He can immerse only in the water and it would seem that in such a case, the mud doesn't join together with the water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
בפי חבית – for its opening is narrow and small. But if the plaster/clay is so soft that it can spill and enter into the narrow mouth of the jar, the immersion has been successful.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
Of what kind of mud have they spoken? Mud into which a reed will sink of itself, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: [mud] in which a measuring-rod will not stand upright. Abba Elazar ben Dulai says: [mud] into which a plummet will sink. Rabbi Eliezer says: such as will go down into the mouth of a jar. Rabbi Shimon says: such as will enter into the tube of a water- skin. Rabbi Elazar bar Zadok says: such as can be measured in a log measure. There are six different opinions as to what type of mud can be mixed in with the water such that it counts to bring the total to forty seahs, even for Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Meir says that the mud must be loose enough to let a reed sink into it on its own without being pushed down. Rabbi Judah says the mud must be loose enough such that measuring-rod won't stand on its own. Abba Elazar ben Dulai (never heard of him before) says that the mud must be thin enough so that a plummet will sink due to its weight. Rabbi Eliezer refers to a type of jar used to clean out a cistern. Such a jar has a thin mouth. If the mud will flow into such a jar, then it does not disqualify the water in the cistern. Rabbi Shimon refers to a water skin whose mouth is even narrower. The mud must be loose enough to flow into such a water skin. Rabbi Elazar bar Zadok says it must be measurable in a log measuring instrument. This also means it must be relatively loose mud.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
שפופרת הנוד (the tube/mouthpiece of the leather bottle) – the tube of the reed that they place upon the mouth of the leather bottle when they pour into it. And the measure of the incision/hole of the tube of the reed that they place on the mouthpiece of the leather bottle, that it would return two mid-range fingers, which is the width of the two first fingers of the palm of the hand, but not the thumb.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
הנמדד בלוג – all the time that it so soft that it can be measured by a LOG and this is the utensil that holds six eggs, it is measured with the Mikveh/ritual bath and they immerse in it. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.
