Komentarz do Maaserot 1:8
הָעִגּוּל, מִשֶּׁיַּחֲלִיקֶנּוּ. מַחֲלִיקִים בִּתְאֵנִים וּבַעֲנָבִים שֶׁל טֶבֶל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר. הַמַּחֲלִיק בַּעֲנָבִים, לֹא הֻכְשָׁר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הֻכְשָׁר. הַגְּרוֹגָרוֹת, מִשֶּׁיָּדוּשׁ. וּמְגוּרָה מִשֶּׁיְּעַגֵּל. הָיָה דָשׁ בֶּחָבִית וּמְעַגֵּל בַּמְּגוּרָה, נִשְׁבְּרָה הֶחָבִית וְנִפְתְּחָה הַמְּגוּרָה, לֹא יֹאכַל מֵהֶם עֲרָאי. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר:
Okrągły placek figowy [wymaga dziesięciny] od momentu, gdy go wygładzimy. Może być wygładzony przez [soki] z fig lub winogron bez dziesięciny. Rabin Jehudah zabrania [tego]. Ten, kto wygładza [sokiem] winogron, nie czyni go podatnym na nieczystość. Rabin Yehudah mówi, że jest podatny na nieczystość. Suszone figi [wymagają dziesięciny] od momentu wyciśnięcia. Magazyn [suszone figi], od kiedy są zaokrąglane [do ciast]. Jeśli ktoś wyciskał [figi] beczką lub okrągłym magazynem [figami], a beczka się zepsuła lub magazyn [figi] uległ uszkodzeniu, nie wolno mu jeść z nich od niechcenia. Rabin Yose pozwala.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
העגול של דבילה – it was customary to smoothen its face with liquids and that is the completion of work [to make it liable] for tithing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Introduction
The final mishnah of our chapter deals with figs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
בתאנים ובענבים של טבל - with liquids that come out from the figs and grapes of eatables forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda in the entire Mishnah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
A cake of pressed figs [is liable for tithes] from the moment it has been smoothed out [with fruit juice]. The final step in processing a cake of pressed figs was to smooth it out using fruit juice. Once this step has occurred, one cannot eat the figs without tithing them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
They may smooth them out with [the juice of] untithed figs or grapes. Rabbi Judah forbids this. As an aside, the mishnah now discusses several halakhot connected to the smoothing out of fig cakes. First of all, there is the issue of whether the fruit juice itself must come from tithed produce. According to the first opinion, it need not because the juice that comes out from the grapes or figs is not treated like the grapes or figs itself. Since the untithed figs or grapes do not directly come into contact with the fig cake, using juice from them before they are tithed is not a problem. Rabbi Judah disagrees and holds that that the juice that flows from the grapes or figs is treated like the grapes or figs themselves and therefore it must be tithed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
המחליק בענבים – he rubs the grapes on the cake of pressed figs.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If one smoothed with grapes, it is not susceptible to uncleanness. Rabbi Judah says it is susceptible. A correlated dispute is with regard to whether juice from grapes or figs causes other produce to be susceptible to uncleanness. According to the first opinion, there are only seven liquids that cause other produce to be susceptible to uncleanness (dew, water, wine, oil, blood, milk, and bee honey) and juice is not among them (see Terumot 11:2). Rabbi Judah adds fruit juice to this list.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
לא הוכשר – the cake [is not fit for Levitical uncleanness] to become susceptible to ritual uncleanness and that which comes forth from the grapes is not considered liquid, but the first Tanna/teacher and Rabbi Yehuda dispute regarding liquid that stands to become clear whether it is considered a liquid or not.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Dried figs [are liable to tithe] after they have been pressed [into a jar]. And [figs] stored in a bin [are liable to tithe] after they have been pressed. Dried figs are liable once they have been pressed into a jar and if they are going to be pressed into a storage bin, then once they have been pressed there into the bin.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
משידוש – we dry the figs and afterwards thresh them with staffs into the arched, pouched vessel/jug or press it with hands into the store-house, and threshing the jug and making the molds for pressed cakes of figs in the store-room is the completion of labor [to make it liable for tithing].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If one was pressing [the figs] into a jar, or pressing them in a storage bin, and the jar was broken or the storage bin opened, he may not make a chance meal of them. Rabbi Yose permits this. The issue at stake here is whether something that has already become liable for tithes can go back to a state where one can eat from it without tithing. Once the figs were pressed into the jar or storage bin they became liable for tithes. When the jar or bin breaks, he is going to have to put them in another jar or bin they are now in a state of uncompleted processing. According to the first opinion in the mishnah, once they have become liable for tithes, one cannot go back to eating them without tithing them, no matter what happens. Rabbi Yose holds that they do revert to their previous status because at this point, their processing is no longer completed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
לא יאכל מהן עראי – for he holds that the upper layer does not need the lower layer, and the lower layer does not need the upper layer and their work had already been completed. But Rabbi Yosi holds that each still needs the other and their work was not completed. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yosi.
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