Dziewicy jest dane dwanaście miesięcy [do czasu chuppy] od chwili, gdy [mąż] ją namówił [po tym, jak ją zaręczył, aby zastanowiła się nad potrzebami chupy i przygotowała jej ozdoby], aby się zaopatrzyć [ze zdobieniami przez dwanaście miesięcy, napisano (Bereiszith 24:55): „Niech dziewica mieszka z nami dni”. Jaki jest cel „dni”? Rok, kiedy jest napisane (Księga Kapłańska 25: 9): „W ciągu dni (tj. Roku) może go odkupić”. I tak jak kobieta ma czas, tak mężczyzna ma czas na zaopatrzenie się [na potrzeby uczty weselnej i czuppy]. Wdowa otrzymuje trzydzieści dni, ponieważ nie musi zbytnio się zajmuje zdobieniami, już je mając.] Jeśli nadszedł czas i nie byli małżeństwem, [pan młody opóźnia ślub (ponieważ pierwsza część Miszny została wspomniana w odniesieniu do niej, druga część została podobnie określona) ], ona je z jego, a ona je terumah [jeśli on jest Coheinem, a ona jest Izraelitą. Od czasu, gdy ją poślubił, ona je terumah zgodnie z prawem Tory, napisano (Księga Kapłańska 22:11): „A cohein, jeśli zdobędzie duszę, zdobędzie jego pieniądze”, a ona jest „zdobyciem jego pieniądze." Po prostu rabini zadekretowali córce Izraelity poślubionej Coheinowi, aby nie jadła terumah, aby nie nalali jej filiżanki (terumah) do domu jej ojca, a ona dała swoim braciom i siostrom do picia. Ale kiedy nadszedł czas (na jej chupę) i nie wyszła za mąż, kiedy zjada jego, nie je w domu swojego ojca, ale jej mąż, Cohein, wyznacza jej miejsce, w którym ją karmi, tak że nie ma już potrzeby orzekania, aby nie dawała swoim braciom i siostrom do picia kielicha terumah. R. Tarfon mówi: Można jej dać całą terumę [jeśli zechce, i kiedy dni jej (niddah) nieczystości) przyjeżdża, sprzedaje ją i kupuje chullin (non-terumah).] R. Akiwa mówi: (dostaje) pół-chullin [do jedzenia w dniach jej nieczystości], pół-terumah.
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
נותנין לבתולה – the time to bring her into the canopy from the day that the husband demanded her after he betrothed her to warn her on the mattes the Huppah to prepare her ornaments/possessions.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Introduction
This mishnah discusses the waiting period between betrothal and marriage.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
לפרנס עצמה – with her ornaments/possessions for twelve months, as it is written (Genesis 24:55): “Let the maiden remain with us some days;” And what are “days” – a year, as it is written (Leviticus 25:29): “[If a man sells a dwelling house in a walled city, I may be redeemed until a year has elapsed since its sale;] the redemption period shall be a year.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
A virgin is given twelve months from the [time her intended] husband claimed her, [in which] to prepare herself for marriage. Just as [such a period] is given to the woman, so is it given to the man to prepare himself. A widow is given thirty days. Betrothal may occur at an early age, but that doesn’t mean that marriage will necessarily occur any time close to the betrothal. There are two steps described by our mishnah that occur before the marriage. The first is that the husband tells the woman whom he betrothed that he wishes to marry her or the woman tells the man to whom she is betrothed that she wishes to get married. From that point on, if this is a first marriage, there can be up to a twelve month period in which the couple prepare for the wedding and the marriage. This would include time to prepare for the wedding, and more importantly, time to prepare the new house and the things that will go into it. She will use this time to prepare her jewelry and clothes for the wedding. A widow is only given thirty days. Since she has already been married she is more prepared for a second marriage. Also, the second marriage was not as big of a celebration.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
לפרנס עצמו – the needs of the meal and the Huppah/marriage.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
If the time has come and they were not married they are entitled to receive maintenance from the man’s estate and [if he is a priest] they may eat terumah. If the time to get married has come and passed, and the husband has not yet married his betrothed wife, he must begin to pay for her maintenance, meaning food, clothing and shelter. Since he is feeding her, if he is a priest he may begin to give her terumah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ולאלמנה שלשים יום – who does not trouble [herself] so much with her ornaments because they are already in her hand.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Rabbi Tarfon says: They give her [all of her food] in terumah. Rabbi Akiva says: One half unconsecrated food and one half terumah. There is now a debate between Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Tarfon over how much of a woman’s food a priestly husband may supply in terumah. It is to the husband’s advantage to give her terumah since terumah is cheaper than regular, unconsecrated food since only priests may eat terumah (smaller market = lower price). The woman will have a problem with terumah for when she menstruates and is impure she cannot eat it. According to Rabbi Tarfon, the husband can give all of his wife’s food in terumah. If she needs to have unconsecrated food when she is impure, she can sell her terumah and buy other food. Rabbi Akiva demands that he give her half of her food in unconsecrated food so that when she is impure she need not go to the trouble of selling the terumah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ולא נשאו – for the owners delay and since the Tanna/teacher in the first segment taught about her, the end of the Mishnah also teaches about her.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ואוכלת בתרומה – if he is a Kohen, and she is an Israelite, that from the time that he betrothed her, she consumes the Terumah/Priest’s due from Torah law, as it is written (Leviticus 22:11): “But a person who is a priest’s property by purchase may eat of them.” And this person who is [the priest’s] property by purchase , but the Rabbis decreed upon an Israelite woman who is betrothed to a Kohen should not consume Terumah as a decree lest he offer her a cup to drink in her father’s house and she will give her some to her brothers and her sisters, and when the time arrives and she hasn’t married, she eats from his food, and does not eat in her father’s house, other than if her husband who is a Kohen designates a place and feeds her there, but there is no further decree lest she provide drink from a cup of Terumah to her brothers or to her sisters.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ר' עקיבא אומר מחצה חולין – to eat during her impurity.
