Ojciec ma prawa do swojej córki [gdy jest ona nieletnia lub na'ara] w jej zaręczynach za pieniądze [jej pieniądze za zaręczyny należące do niego, napisane w odniesieniu do hebrajskiej służącej (Wj 21:11) : „Wtedy wyjdzie wolna, bez pieniędzy”, co jest wyjaśnione: Pieniądze nie wracają do tego pana (to znaczy pana, który ją kupił, od którego wychodzi wolna, ze znakami na'ary) , ale pieniądze wracają do innego pana. I kto to jest? Jej ojciec, pieniądze za zaręczyny wracają do niego, nawet gdy jest na'arą, dopóki nie stanie się bogereth.], Czynem i wspólnym pożyciem. [Otrzymuje za nią akt zaręczynowy i przedstawia ją na współżycie na zaręczyny, komu chce, napisano (Pwt 24: 2): „I wyjdzie… i będzie” „istotami” (tj. , wzięty do małżeństwa), a mianowicie: tak jak pieniądze, które są jedną z „istot”, są w domenie jej ojca, tak zaręczyny na mocy czynu i współżycia są w domenie jej ojca.], i nabywa jej metziah [z powodu eivah (uraza, tj. zaniechania jej karmienia)] i pracy jej rąk [jest napisane (2 Mojż. 21: 7): "A jeśli mężczyzna sprzedaje swoją córkę jako służącą "— Podobnie jak dzieło służącej należy do jej pana, tak dzieło córki należy do jej ojca] i rozgrzeszenie jej ślubów [jest to napisane (w związku z tym) (Lb 30:17): „… w okresie jej panieństwa, w domu jej ojca ”], i otrzymuje jej zdobycz [jest napisane (Księga Powtórzonego Prawa 24: 2):„ I wyjdzie… i będzie ” —„wyjście” (małżeństwo) jest porównane do „bycia”. Tak jak jej ojciec otrzymuje zaręczyny, gdy jest nieletnia, a gdy jest na'arah, tak on otrzymuje jej zdobycz], a on nie je owoców za jej życia. [Jeśli ziemia spadła na nią z domu matki jej ojca, jej ojciec nie zjada ich owoców za jej życia, chyba że umrze, a on ją odziedziczy.] Wyższy od niego (prawnie) jest jej mąż, [który ma wszystkie wspomniane wyżej prawa, które ojciec ma w swojej córce i] który (dodatkowo) zjada owoce [majątku, który spadł na nią w spadku po tym, jak go poślubiła]. A on (mąż) jest zobowiązany ją nakarmić, wykup ją [jeśli została wzięta do niewoli] i pochowaj ją, [gdy mędrcy postanowili, że ją pochowają; to ze względu na jej dziedzictwo, jej mąż odziedziczył ją po jej śmierci.] R. Juda mówi: Nawet biedak w Izraelu nie powinien dawać mniej (przy pogrzebie swojej żony) niż dwa flety (na pochwałę) i zawodzenie kobieta.
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
וזנתה – [she fornicated] from the betrothal and she is a young woman.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Introduction
Deuteronomy 22:13-21 discusses a man who makes a virginity claim against his wife. Verse 19 states that if he was found to be lying “They shall fine him a hundred shekels of silver and give it to the girl’s father; for the man has defamed a virgin in Israel.” Verses 20-21 state that if the claim was found to be true, then the woman is stoned. Verses 22-23 deal with a betrothed woman who commits adultery, who is also stoned. From the phrase “a virgin in Israel”, our mishnah derives that the punishment of stoning is meted out in both of these cases only if the woman was a born Israelite. If she was a convert, then she is punished by strangulation, as are other adulterers.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
הרי זו בחנק – and even she converted younger than the age of three years, for she is in the status of a virgin, for when it is written [in the Torah] regarding [the penalty of] stoning, it is written with regard to an engaged young woman, with the daughter of an Israelite, as it is written (Deuteronomy 22:21): “for she did a shameful thing in Israel, [committing fornication while under her father’s authority].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
The mishnah lists three types of women who have committed an act of fornication, i.e. adultery. The first is a woman who has converted with her mother, the second is one whose mother converted between conception and birth, and third is one whose mother converted before conception. Each woman/girl has slightly different consequences to her crime.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ולא מאה סלע – for if the husband was found to be lying, for the entire portion is written with regard to an Israelite (and not a convert).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
The daughter of a convert who converted together with her mother and then committed an act of fornication is subject to the penalty of strangulation. She is not [stoned] at the door of her father’s house nor [does her husband pay the] hundred sela’. Since this girl is herself a convert she does not count as a “virgin of Israel”. Therefore, if she commits adultery, she is punished by strangulation, the typical punishment for adultery. Deuteronomy 22:21 states that if the charge of not being a virgin was true, “then the girl shall be brought out to the entrance of her father’s house, and the men of her town shall stone her to death.” Since this girl was not a “virgin of Israel”, she is not brought out to the entrance to her father’s house. If the husband’s claim against her was false he need not pay the 100 sela [=shekel] fine, for she was not a “virgin of Israel”.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ולידתה בקדושה ה"ז סקילה – as Scripture states (Deuteronomy 22:21): “[and the men of the town] shall stone her to death,” for it does not need to say, “that she dies,” but rather, to include her conception that was not in a state of sanctity; but however, for a fine, we don’t include her, since for death she is included, but not for a fine.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
If she was conceived in unholiness but her birth was in holiness she is subject to the penalty of stoning. She is not [stoned] at the door of her father’s house nor [does her husband pay the] hundred sela’. In this case the girl was conceived in unholiness, meaning her mother was not an Israelite when she was conceived. However, the mother converted before the birth and therefore she was born “in holiness”. In this case she is stoned if she commits adultery while a betrothed virgin. However, she does not get taken out to the entrance of her father’s house nor is her husband fined 100 shekels if he made a false claim against her. In other words she is in some ways treated like a full Israelite and in other ways she is not.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
יש לה אב – we are speaking about an Israelite woman.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
If she was both conceived and born in holiness she is regarded as a daughter of Israel in all respects. Although this girl’s mother is a convert, she herself is considered a full Israelite.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ואין לה פתח בית אביה – as for example, when the father does not have a house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
A girl who has a father but no door of her father’s house; or a door of her father’s house but no father, is subject to the penalty of stoning [the verse did not state] “the opening of her father’s house” (Deut. 22:21) except as a precept. This section teaches that if a girl has no father, or has a father but her father’s house doesn’t have a house with an entrance (for instance he is homeless), she is still liable to be stoned should she commit an act of fornication while betrothed. When the Torah states that she shall be taken out to the entrance of her father’s house, the intention was not that if she didn’t have a father with a house with an entrance, that she would not receive the prescribed penalty. Rather the intention was that if she should commit such an act of fornication, she should be stoned at the entrance to her father’s house, if such a place exists. In other words, its lack of existence does not impede upon the carrying out of the other elements to the passage in Deuteronomy.
