Komentarz do Kelim 8:2
הָיְתָה שְׁלֵמָה, וְכֵן הַקֻּפָּה, וְכֵן הַחֵמֶת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, אֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טְהוֹרִין. נִקְּבוּ, הֶעָשׂוּי לְאֳכָלִין, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְמַשְׁקִין, שִׁעוּרָן בְּמַשְׁקִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, מַטִּילִים אוֹתוֹ לְחֻמְרוֹ, בְּכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה:
Jeśli ul był kompletny, i tak też jest w przypadku kosza lub bukłaka, w którym znajdował się sheretz , piec pozostaje czysty. Jeśli sheretz był w piekarniku, całe jedzenie w ulu pozostaje czyste. Jeśli zrobiono w nim dziurę: Naczynie używane do jedzenia musi mieć otwór wystarczająco duży, aby oliwki mogły przez niego wypadać. Jeśli jest używany do cieczy, otwór musi być wystarczająco duży, aby płyny przez niego mogły przechodzić. A jeśli jest używany do jednego z nich, nakładają na niego większe ograniczenie: otwór musi być tylko wystarczająco duży, aby płyny przez niego mogły przejść.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
היתה שלימה – the bee-hive.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If the hive was complete, and so too in the case of a basket or a skin-bottle, and a sheretz was within it the oven remains clean. If the hive-vessel had not been broken, or alternatively the vessel placed into the oven was an unbroken basket or skin-bottle, the sheretz in the vessel does not defile the oven. Since this is a complete vessel it works as a barrier to keep the impurity away from oven.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
התנור טהור – as it is written (Leviticus 11:33): “And if any of those (i.e., any article of wood, or a cloth or a skin, or a sack) falls into an earthen vessel, [everything inside it shall be impure and – the vessel – itself you shall break],” but not אל תוך תוכו/to what is inside of it [already], and we are speaking of when its mouth/topmost layer is above from the oven, for if all of it is sunk in the oven, it is like one thing within it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If the sheretz was in the oven, any food in the hive remain clean. Similarly, if the sheretz was in the oven, the hive-vessel protects the food within it from becoming impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אוכלים שתוכה טהורין – as it is written (Leviticus 11:33): “everything inside it shall be impure,” and not שבתוך תוכו/what is already inside it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If a hole was made in it: A vessel that is used for food must have a hole large enough for olives to fall through, If it is used for liquids the hole must be large enough for liquids to pass into it, And if it is used for either it is subjected to the greater restriction: the hole need only be large enough for liquids to pass into it. If one of these vessels was perforated with a large enough hole, it no longer counts as a vessel and therefore will not prevent impurity from going from the oven to the inside of the vessel and vice versa. The mishnah now repeats that which we learned in 3:1. The vessel is "annulled" from being considered a vessel if the hole is large enough to let out that which it normally holds. So if it normally holds food, if the hole is large enough to let olives fall through, it is no longer a vessel. If it holds liquids, it must be large enough to let liquids out. If it is used for both liquids and solids then we go by the stricter measure if the hole is large enough to let even liquids out, it is not a vessel and it does not serve as a barrier to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ניקבו – the perforation that purifies them from their impurities, furthermore they no longer have the status of a vessel and they don’t divide/separate whether it is an oven or whether what is inside of it, and how much is the perforation that purifies them from their defilements.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
העשוי לאוכלים – its measurement is like bringing forth/removing olives.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
העשוי לכך ולכך – for food and liquids.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מטילין אותו לחומרו (they subject it to its more stringent [measure]) – but if he made the incision according to the measurement of liquids which is less than the measurement that is made for foods, he further is not able to save it because of the defilement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בכונס משקה (with the capacity to admit liquid) – when they place the vessel from the side of the perforation, the water enters through the perforation into the vessel, and it is larger than that which liquid leaves/is removed.
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