Komentarz do Demaj 2:1
וְאֵלּוּ דְבָרִים מִתְעַשְּׂרִין דְּמַאי בְּכָל מָקוֹם. הַדְּבֵלָה, וְהַתְּמָרִים, וְהֶחָרוּבִים, הָאֹרֶז, וְהַכַּמּוֹן. הָאֹרֶז שֶׁבְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, כָּל הַמִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ פָּטוּר:
A to są rzeczy, które należy oddawać jako dziesięcinę jako Demai [produkt, z którego nie jest pewne, czy dziesięcina została już pobrana] w każdym miejscu: prasowane figi, daktyle, chleb świętojański, ryż i kminek. Ryż uprawiany poza ziemią [Izraela], każdy, kto go używa, jest zwolniony z podatku.
Bartenura on Mishnah Demai
אלו דברים. בכל מקום – even from Keziv and further out, If he purchased them from those not observing certain religious customs regarding tithes/עמי הארץ that it is known that they came from the Land of Israel, for it is distinguishable that there are none like them in appearance other than from the Land of Israel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Demai
Introduction
In chapter one, mishnah three, we learned that if one buys certain types of produce from Achziv and north, he does not have to separate tithes, since that region is not liable for tithes from demai. We also are usually not concerned lest the produce was brought there from the land of Israel, in which case it is liable for tithes because it was grown in Israel.
Our mishnah teaches that sometimes tithes must be taken out of certain types of demai produce no matter where they are bought, lest the produce come from the land of Israel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Demai
כל המשתמש ממנו פטור – even in the Land of Israel that is more recognized and one does not come to exchange them (i.e., the rice that is grown outside the Land of Israel) with the rice of the Land of Israel. But the rest of the things that are mentioned in our Mishnah (i.e., pressed figs, dates, carobs and cumin) there are those from them in the Land of Israel that are similar to those that are outside of the Land [of Israel], but those are that are important that it is custom to carry them because of their importance to places that don’t have a similar kind, required tithing, for it is known that they are from the Land of Israel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Demai
The following things must be tithed as demai in all places: pressed figs, dates, carobs, rice, and cumin. The mishnah refers to products bought from an am haaretz in an area that borders the land of Israel, but was not conquered by those Israelites returning from Babylonia and hence does not “officially” count as part of the land of Israel. Tithes must nevertheless be taken from these things because it is assumed that they come from the land of Israel, or at least from regions of the land that had been conquered by those returning from Babylonian exile.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Demai
As to rice from outside the land [of Israel], whoever uses it is exempt from tithing it. One who buys rice from an am haaretz outside of the land of Israel and uses it there need not separate tithes. However, if he brings it to the land of Israel he must tithe it because it is easily switched with rice that comes from the land of Israel and is obligated to be tithed as demai. We should note that this is Albeck’s explanation; others explain the mishnah differently.
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