Jeśli ktoś pobłogosławił wino przed posiłkiem, zwalnia (od błogosławieństwa) wino po posiłku. [Odnosi się to do szabatów i świąt, kiedy posiłek jest „ustalany” nad winem po posiłku. Ale w inne dni, kiedy takie „spotkanie” nie zostanie osiągnięte, wino przed posiłkiem nie zwalnia wina po posiłku. Każde „po posiłku” w naszej Misznie oznacza po skończeniu chleba, przed odmówieniem łaski]. Jeśli pobłogosławił księdza przed posiłkiem, zwalnia księdza po posiłku. [Parpereth to wszystko, co towarzyszy chlebie, takie jak mięso, jajka i ryby. Czasami przynosili parperaoth przed posiłkiem, aby pobudzić apetyt, i ponownie po posiłku, po skończeniu chleba]. Błogosławieństwo nad chlebem zwalnia księdza. Błogosławieństwo nad Parpereth nie zwalnia chleba. Beth Shammai mówi: Nie wyklucza również tego, co pochodzi z garnka [takiego jak grys, owoce, zielone ziarno i mąka gotowana w wodzie, na przykład naleśniki i tym podobne. I są tacy, którzy rozumieją „parafereta” naszej Miszny jako bochenek stwardniały w naczyniu, który nie ma wyglądu chleba, dla którego błogosławieństwem jest borei minei mezonoth. To wyjaśnia konieczność „Błogosławieństwa nad księdzem nie zwalniają tego z chleba”—chociaż parperet też jest rodzajem chleba. Ale wyklucza „to, co pochodzi z puli”. A Beth Shammai utrzymuje, że tak jak błogosławieństwo nad księdzem nie zwalnia chleba, tak nie zwalnia tego, co pochodzi z garnka. Halacha nie jest zgodna z Beth Shammai.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
פטר את היין שלאחר המזון – These words [refer to] Sabbaths and Holy Days where it is customary to impart the character of an appointed meal (Sabbath or Holy Day) on the wine after the meal when reciting the blessing on the wine prior to the [start of the] meal, with the assumption that he has already recited the blessing, but on other days where it is not customary to impart the character of an appointed meal through wine after the meal, the blessing on the wine prior to [the start of] the meal does not exempt one [from being required] to recite a blessing after the meal. And every [expression] of “after the meal” as taught in this Tractate is after one has removed their hands from the bread prior to their recitation of the Blessing after the Meal/ברכת המזון.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Introduction
This mishnah begins to deal with the idea that one can recite a blessing over one piece of food and have that blessing count for other foods as well. Today it is customary to begin every traditional meal with bread, whose blessing exempts the other foods eaten during the meal. This does not seem to have been the custom in the time of the Mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
פרפרת – Everything that serves as a relish for bread such as meat, or eggs or fish is called appetizer/פרפרת; and sometimes they would bring appetizers before the meal/main course, in order to continue the eating and then they once again bring other "פרפרות" after the meal/]dessert] after they have withdrawn their hands from the bread.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
If he blessed over the wine before the meal he has exempted the wine after the meal. Wine seems to have been drunk before the meal and after the meal but not usually during the meal. One who blesses over the wine at the beginning of the meal need not recite another blessing over the wine at the end of the meal.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
מעשה קדרה – Such as flat cakes and grist of early ripened and tender barley which are boiled in water such as pancakes and other similar things. And there are those who explain the word “פרפרת” of our Mishnah as shrunken pieces of bread (soaked) in a bowl which does not appear to look like bread, and on which (when we consume it), we recite the blessing on it, “בורא מיני מזונות/Who Creates various kinds of foods.” And now, it is appropriate that we should teach, “If one has made the blessing on the appetizer, one is not exempt from reciting the blessing on the bread,” even though it also is a form of bread. But something that has been made in a pot exempts us [from reciting the blessing on the bread]. And the School of Shammai holds that just as if we made a blessing on the appetizer, we are not exempt from [reciting the blessing on] the bread, similarly, we are exempt by something made in a pot. And the Halakha does not follow the School of Shammai.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
If he blessed over the appetizer ( before the meal, he has exempted the dessert ( after the meal. The word in Hebrew for appetizer and for dessert is the same. One who blesses over an appetizer that comes before the meal has exempted a similar type of food that would come after the meal. According to most commentators, this refers to a situation where he didn’t eat bread, because if he ate bread he need not bless in any case over the parperet, as we shall in the next section.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
If he blessed over the bread he has exempted the appetizer/dessert (, but if he blessed over the appetizer/dessert ( he has not exempted the bread. Bet Shammai say: [he has not even exempted] a cooked [grain] dish. In this section the word parperet can refer either to the appetizer or the dessert. In either case, the bread is considered to be more essential than the parperet and therefore one who has already blessed over the bread need not recite the blessing over the parperet. However, if he recited the blessing over the parperet, the less central food item, he is still obligated to recite the blessing over the bread. Bet Shammai equates a cooked dish made with grains with the bread. If one blessed over the parperet he must still bless over the cooked dish.
