Komentarz do Bechorot 6:4
חָטְמוֹ שֶׁנִּקַּב, שֶׁנִּפְגַּם, שֶׁנִּסְדַּק, שְׂפָתוֹ שֶׁנִּקְּבָה, שֶׁנִּפְגְּמָה, שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, חִטָּיו הַחִיצוֹנוֹת שֶׁנִּפְגְּמוּ אוֹ שֶׁנִּגְמְמוּ, וְהַפְנִימִיּוֹת שֶׁנֶּעֱקָרוּ. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס אוֹמֵר, אֵין בּוֹדְקִין מִן הַמַּתְאִימוֹת וְלִפְנִים, אַף לֹא אֶת הַמַתְאִימוֹת:
Jeśli jego nos został przekłuty, nakłuty lub rozcięty, lub jeśli jego warga została przekłuta, nakłuta lub rozcięta, lub jeśli jego przednie dziąsła zostały przebite lub [całkowicie] cofnięte, lub jeśli [jego] grzbiet [dziąsła] zostały wyrwane - [to są skazy ]. Rabin Chaninah ben Antignos mówi, że nie badamy zębów trzonowych z tyłu ani nie badamy zębów trzonowych [samych].
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
חוטמו שניקב וכו' – and this is where the outer partitions/walls of the nose were perforated, that the perforation is seen from the outside. But [if] it is not seen other than from inside, as for example, when the partition that divides the nose was perforated, it is not a blemish, for it is secret, and we derive from [the principle] of a generalization and a specification, that we require blemishes that are revealed [in the open].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Introduction
Today’s mishnah deals with defects of the nose and mouth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
שנפגם – and it has something missing/lacking.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
If its nose is perforated, defective, or slit, or its upper lip perforated, defective, or slit [these are disqualifying blemishes]. If there is any defect of the nose or upper lip, the first born is considered blemished and it may be slaughtered.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
שנסדק – but there is nothing lacking/missing. And the measurement of the notch/incision, in order that the fingernail can encircle it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
If the outer incisors are defective or leveled [to the gum] or the molars are torn out [completely], [these are disqualifying blemishes]. But Rabbi Hanina ben Antigonus says: we do not examine behind the molars, nor the molars themselves. I have translated this section to refer to the defects of the teeth. The words may also be understood as referring to defects of the gums. In any case, the rule is stricter with regard to the outer incisors than it is for the inner molars. For the inner molars to be considered defective, they must be completely torn out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
שפתו – the outer row/line of the lip [of the firstling], meaning to say, the outer point/thin part.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
חיטיו החיצונות – the teeth that are in the middle of the mouth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
שנפגמו – that are missing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
נגממו (incisors are broken off/levelled with the gums) – squashed beyond recognition -, and there doesn’t remain from them other than a small mark/trace, and they don’t protrude like they are accustomed to be.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
הפנימיות – the large teeth that we call MASHILASH, that were completely uprooted. But if they were damaged or worn down/levelled, it is not a blemish.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
אין בודקין את המתאימות ולפנים – the large teeth that one appears like two [teeth] and are made like twins. From there and inward it is not considered a blemish because it is in secret. But they themselves, when they were uprooted, are not a blemish. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Hananiah (Hanina in the Mishnah) ben Antigonus.
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