Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud su Nedarim 3:1

אַרְבָּעָה נְדָרִים הִתִּירוּ חֲכָמִים, נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין, וְנִדְרֵי הֲבַאי, וְנִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת, וְנִדְרֵי אֳנָסִים. נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין, כֵּיצַד. הָיָה מוֹכֵר חֵפֶץ וְאָמַר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי פוֹחֵת לְךָ מִן הַסֶּלַע, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר, קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי מוֹסִיף לְךָ עַל הַשֶּׁקֶל, שְׁנֵיהֶן רוֹצִין בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, אַף הָרוֹצֶה לְהַדִּיר אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ, אוֹמֵר, כָּל נֶדֶר שֶׁאֲנִי עָתִיד לִדֹּר הוּא בָטֵל, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּהֵא זָכוּר בִּשְׁעַת הַנֶּדֶר:

I saggi permisero quattro voti (senza assoluzione): i voti del diligente, i voti di esagerazione, i voti di inconsapevolezza, i voti di vincolo. "I voti del diligente": In che modo? Se uno vendesse qualcosa e dicesse: "Konam, se te lo vendo per meno di una sela" [cioè, questa pagnotta è konam per me se te lo vendo per meno di una sela. Una sela ha quattro dinari] e l'altra ha detto: "Konam, che non ti darò più di uno shekel" [una mezza sela], entrambi acconsentiranno in tre dinari [e non intendevano un voto formale; ma il venditore "ha promesso" al fine di "spronare" l'acquirente a pagare di più, e l'acquirente, allo stesso modo, di convincere il venditore ad accettare di meno, per cui non è un vero voto. E anche se "i pensieri del cuore non servono a nulla", qui, dove è evidente che questo è il loro intento, essendo questa la pratica di acquirenti e venditori, intratteniamo "i pensieri del cuore".] R. Eliezer b. Yaakov dice: Anche uno che vuole bere il suo amico per mangiare con lui. [La gemara spiega che qui manca qualcosa e che questo è ciò che si intende: se uno desidera che il suo amico mangi con lui, lo impune e lo svuota, anche questo (nella categoria di) "è il voto di il diligente ". E se uno desidera che i suoi voti di tutto l'anno non "prendano", dovrebbe sorgere su Rosh Hashanah e] dire: "Lascia che ogni voto che farò sia nullo". [Non ha necessariamente bisogno di farlo su Rosh Hashanah, ma lo stesso si ottiene ogni volta che lo desidera e per qualsiasi periodo di tempo designato] fintanto che è consapevole [della condizione (che il voto non "prende")] a il tempo del voto, [e desidera che si applichi la condizione. Solo allora il voto è nullo. Ma se non era consapevole della condizione quando ha promesso o subito dopo, il voto "prende". E va da sé che se era consapevole della condizione quando aveva promesso e desiderato che la condizione fosse nulla e che il voto "prendesse", "prendesse". Le leggi dei giuramenti e dei voti sono simili a questo proposito. L'halachah è conforme a R. Eliezer b. Yaakov.]

Jerusalem Talmud Nazir

Rebbi Mana understood it25That the Sages and R. Jehudah do not agree about the weight of a person’s disclaimer as against two witnesses to his actions. from the following26Mishnah Keritut 3:1.: “They told him, if he wishes, he says that he did it intentionally.” What can he say for an assigned slave girl27Lev. 19:20–22, the case of a man sleeping with a slave girl assigned as a future wife to another free man. As long as the girl is not totally freed, she cannot marry the man to whom she is assigned. Therefore, her relations with another man are not adultery. A reparation offering is required from the man. This is one of the few cases in which a sacrifice is possible for deliberate sin.? In error28If in the dark he thought that she was his wife., he is obligated; intentionally29This is the case treated by the verse. If he denies the accusation by two witnesses, one cannot take his denial as assertion that he did it but already had remedied the situation., he is obligated! He can tell him, I touched her but did not finish30This is a first explanation: A sacrifice is due only if there was an ejaculation of semen (v. 20). If he took the slave girl to bed but stopped before there was an ejaculation, no sacrifice is due., or as Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, I was forced to it by the spell she put on me31He disclaims responsibility by reason of temporary insanity caused by the girl’s charms. This is enough to support his disclaimer against even two witnesses.. For a nazir32Exposed to the impurity of the dead; the case of the Mishnah. what can you say? In error, he is obligated; intentionally, he is obligated; forced, he is obligated! “Suddenly”, to include in error, “suddenly”, to include intentionally33This is proof that the nazir must bring his sacrifices even if forced. The reference is to Num. 6:9. In all other sources, Sifry Num. 28 [= Num. rabba 10(31)], Babli Keritut 9a, the inference is from the double expression “if a person should die near him suddenly,unexpectedly …” “Suddenly” is taken to refer to accidental impurity, “unexpectedly” to outside force (Sifry) or outside force and intention (Babli).. “There was a condition in my mind that if I should become impure, my nezirut should burst away from me and a new nezirut would fall on me”; in any case he was not obligated to be a nazir until now34Since the vow of nezirut could have been formulated in a way that eliminates the possibility of a sacrifice for impurity, the testimony of the witnesses can be explained away.. (“There was a condition in my mind that if I should become impure, my nezirut should burst away from me and a new nezirut would fall on me”; in any case he was not obligated to be a nazir until now.)35A case of dittography. What do you have in case of an oath36If two witnesses tell a person that he owes a sacrifice because he has violated an oath imposed on him by other people (Lev. 5:1,4). How can he be believed if he denies the accusation?? In error, he is obligated; intentionally, he is obligated37Mishnah Keritut 2:2.! A condition may apply to words38If he undertakes anything, he may add conditions. If others (usually a court of law) impose an oath on him, he swears according to their understanding, rather than his own.; there is no condition for oaths! It follows what Rebbi Abba said, Rav Jehudah: For error, its sacrifice, for intention, its sacrifice. But if he said, I thought that this was no oath, he is free39Here, there may be a case in which no sacrifice can be demanded if the interested party denies their obligation.. Therefore, all these subjects cannot be stated, but the following can be stated40In all cases discussed so far, the Sages cannot disagree with R. Jehudah; that is possible only in the cases dealt with in the next paragraph..
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Jerusalem Talmud Chagigah

HALAKHAH: 159This text essentially appears in the Venice edition of the Yerushalmi in Nedarim 3:1 as an unjustified corrector’s addition taken from here. Also the attribution there of R. Eliezer’s statement to Ḥananiah the nephew of R. Joshua is unjustified; Ḥananiah refers to the next paragraph. The authorship of R. Eliezer of a similar statement is confirmed in the Babli 10a. It was stated: Rebbi Eliezer says, they have support. I swore and shall keep it160Ps. 119:106.. Sometimes I do not keep it. Rebbi Joshua says, they have support. Which I swore in My anger161Ps. 95:11.. I swore in My anger, I am changing My opinion.
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