Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud su Gittin 3:4

שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן פַּרְטָא לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְקִיְּמוּ אֶת דְּבָרָיו. עַל עִיר שֶׁהִקִּיפָהּ כַּרְקוֹם, וְעַל הַסְּפִינָה הַמִּטָּרֶפֶת בַּיָּם, וְעַל הַיּוֹצֵא לִדּוֹן, שֶׁהֵן בְּחֶזְקַת קַיָּמִין. אֲבָל עִיר שֶׁכְּבָשָׁהּ כַּרְקוֹם, וּסְפִינָה שֶׁאָבְדָה בַיָּם, וְהַיּוֹצֵא לֵהָרֵג, נוֹתְנִין עֲלֵיהֶן חֻמְרֵי חַיִּים וְחֻמְרֵי מֵתִים, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה:

R. Elazar b. Parta disse tre cose prima dei saggi, e confermarono le sue parole: (Popolo) in una città assediata (karkom) [(Il Targum dell '"assedio" è "karkumin")], su una barca sbalzata dalla tempesta [non affondata] e si ritiene che l'uscita per essere giudicata [per reati capitali] sia viva. Ma (la gente) in una città conquistata dall'assedio, su una barca persa in mare e che esce per essere giustiziata, è investita dalle rigidità dei vivi e dalle rigidità dei morti. La figlia di un israelita a un cohein [(le stringenze dei morti)] e la figlia di un cohein a un israelita [(le stringenze dei vivi)] non possono mangiare terumah.

Jerusalem Talmud Ketubot

What are palisades? Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi: For examples if bells, chains, and ropes164Interpretation of Musaphia. The parallel text in Giṭṭin reads וְאִיסְטְרָטִיּוֹת soldiery., and geese, and chickens and machinery165In Giṭṭin כְּלָבִים “dogs”. The same in the Babli, 27a. surround the town166The bells, geese, etc. shall make sure that nobody escapes.. And Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Ḥama167Here certainlyחמא is a mistake for חייה, cf. Note 159. bar Ashi said, it happened that a blind woman was able to flee from there168He questions the Mishnah. If a blind woman can escape a siege conducted so that nobody should escape, then everybody could escape and the fact that at the beginning of the siege the wife of a Cohen was in the town does not mean anything.. If there was one breach169In the palisades surrounding the town., it saves all. If there were hiding places, it is questionable170It is undecided whether a woman can claim that she was in hiding and not a victim of the entering army.. Rebbi Ze‘ira, Rebbi Abba bar Zavda, Rebbi Isaac bar Ḥaqula, in the name of Rebbi Yudan the prince: Only if there were palisades of that government171The Mishnah speaks only of a revolt or a civil war, when the army is ordered to attack (and enslave) the civilian population. A conquering foreign army might plunder, but its soldiers are not under orders to rape all women. In the interpretation of Tosaphot (s. v. כאן), the same statement appears in the Babli, 27a, in the name of Ḥizqiah.. But palisades from another government are like robbers.
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