Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud su Berakhot 3:3

נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים פְּטוּרִין מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין, וְחַיָּבִין בִּתְפִלָּה וּבִמְזוּזָה, וּבְבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן:

Le donne, i servi e i minori sono esenti dallo Shema e dai tefillin. [Anche se lo Shema è un comandamento positivo orientato al tempo (mitzvath aseh shehazman grama), una classe di mitzvah da cui le donne sono esenti, penseremmo tuttavia che è vincolante per loro perché contiene l'accettazione del regno di Paradiso—per quale motivo dobbiamo essere informati diversamente. E la mitzvah di tefillin è un comandamento positivo orientato al tempo, poiché non si ottiene di notte e di sabato; ma penseremmo che poiché è paragonato a mezuzah, è vincolante per le donne. Dobbiamo pertanto essere informati diversamente. "Minori": un padre non è obbligato ad allenarsi nel recital dello Shema, nemmeno un minorenne arrivato all'età della formazione; poiché il figlio non si trova sempre con suo padre al momento del recital. E un padre non era obbligato ad addestrare un minore nella mitzvah di tefillin, poiché non ci si può aspettare che si proteggesse dall'espulsione dell'aria mentre li indossava.] E tefillah, mezuzah e il recital della grazia sono vincolanti per loro. [Poiché la tefillah è l'implorazione della misericordia e un'ordinanza rabbinica; ed è stato istituito anche per le donne e per la formazione dei minori. "Mezuzah": Potremmo pensare, poiché la mezuzah è paragonata allo studio della Torah, che proprio come le donne sono esenti dallo studio della Torah, è scritto (Deuteronomio 11: 9): "E tu le insegnerai ai tuoi figli"—e non per le tue figlie, anch'esse dovrebbero essere esentate dalla mezuzah, anche se non è un comandamento positivo orientato al tempo; siamo pertanto informati diversamente. "Il recital della grazia": è aperto il dubbio se il recital della grazia sia vincolante scritturalmente alle donne, essendo scritto (Deuteronomio 8:10): "E mangerai e sarai saziato e benedirai"— in modo che sia un comandamento positivo non orientato al tempo —o se non è scritturalmente vincolante per le donne, è scritto (Ibid.): "per la buona terra che ti ha dato"; e la terra non fu data alle femmine. La domanda non è stata risolta.]

Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin

There, we have stated576Mishnah Idiut 2:9.: “The father bestows on his son beauty, strength, riches, wisdom, and years.” From where beauty? “May Your deeds appear on Your servants, and Your glory on their sons.577Ps. 90:16.” Strength, “strong on earth will be his descendants.578Ps. 112:2.” Riches, “I was young and became old, but never saw a just man abandoned and his descendants in need of bread.579Ps. 37:25.” Wisdom, “you shall teach your sons to argue about them.569Deut. 11:19. Cf. Berakhot 2:3. Note 110, where the verse is quoted to show that daughters do not have to be instructed in Torah (Babli 29b).” Years, “that your and your sons’ days be many.580Deut. 11:21.” And just as he inherits five qualities, so he owes him the following five things. He feeds him, he gives him to drink, he clothes him, he puts on his shoes, he leads him581Peah 1:1, Note 119; Babli 31b.. That is what is written5822S. 3:29.: “This should fall on Joab’s head: sufferer from flux and from skin disease, holding the distaff, falling by the sword, and senseless.583This is a slip of the pen; later it is quoted in the language of the verse, “without bread”.” Sufferer from flux, weak. From skin disease, abandoned584Cf. Lev. 13:46.. Holding the distaff, uneducated. Falling by the sword, short lived. Without bread, poor. 585The Babylonian version is in the Babli, Sanhedrin 48b, and Num.rabba23(13). When Solomon came to kill Joab, he said to him: Your father gave me five sentences; accept them and I can be killed. He accepted them and all of them came to pass on the House of David. Sufferer from flux was Rehabeam: “King Rehabeam with difficulty climbed on his chariot to flee to Jerusalem;5861K. 12:18.” some say, he suffered from flux; some say, he was weak. Suffering from skin disease was Uziahu: “King Uziahu suffered from skin disease until the day of his death5872Chr. 26:21..” Holding the distaff was Joash: “They punished Joash5882Chr. 24:24..” Rebbi Ismael stated: 589Mekhilta dR.Ismael,Amaleq 1; Tanḥuma Bešallaḥ 25 This teaches that they gave him over to hardened hoodlums who had never known a woman and they raped him the way women are raped. That is what is written: “Israel’s pride will testify against it,590Hos. 5:5, repunctuating עָנָה to עִנָּה.” Israel’s pride will be raped in its face. Falling by the sword, this is Josiah, as is written: “The archers shot at king Josia,5912Chr. 35:23. In the text: הַיֹּרִים.” and Rebbi Joḥanan said, this teaches that they made his body like a sieve592Babli Mo‘ed qaṭan 28b; Thr.rabbati on 1:18.. Rebbi Ismael stated: 300 arrows were shot at the Eternal’s anointed. Without bread, that is Jehoiachin: “And his meal, a permanent meal was given to him,5932K. 25:30. He never had any money of his own. A completely different interpretation of the verse in Midrash Shemuel 18(5)..”
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Jerusalem Talmud Sukkah

MISHNAH: A person to whom a slave, or a woman, or a minor, read for him, repeats after them what they say, and it should be a curse for him. If a male adult reads for him, he answers halleluja after him109An illiterate who does not know the Hallel by heart, must have the psalms recited to him to make the movements prescribed in Mishnah 8. If a person who is not obligated to recite the Hallel and to move the lulav(a slave, woman, or minor) recites for him, he does not fulfill his duty by listening to them; he must repeat word for word. He is cursed for being an adult illiterate. If an obligated person reads for him, he is not different from people listening to the reader in the synagogue and answers halleluja123 times (cf. Šabbat Chapter 16, Note 59)..
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