Commento su Zevahim 5:1
אֵיזֶהוּ מְקוֹמָן שֶׁל זְבָחִים, קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים שְׁחִיטָתָן בַּצָּפוֹן, פַּר וְשָׂעִיר שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים שְׁחִיטָתָן בַּצָּפוֹן, וְקִבּוּל דָּמָן בִּכְלִי שָׁרֵת בַּצָּפוֹן, וְדָמָן טָעוּן הַזָּיָה עַל בֵּין הַבַּדִּים וְעַל הַפָּרֹכֶת וְעַל מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב. מַתָּנָה אַחַת מֵהֶן מְעַכָּבֶת. שְׁיָרֵי הַדָּם הָיָה שׁוֹפֵךְ עַל יְסוֹד מַעֲרָבִי שֶׁל מִזְבֵּחַ הַחִיצוֹן. אִם לֹא נָתַן, לֹא עִכֵּב:
Quali sono le posizioni dei sacrifici? Kodshai Kodashim [sacrifici del più alto grado di santità. Possono essere macellati solo nell'angolo nord-ovest dell'altare e consumati solo all'interno del complesso del Tempio da sacerdoti maschi o bruciati del tutto] vengono macellati a nord [lato dell'altare]. [Il] toro e [la] capra di Yom Kippur vengono macellati sul lato nord [lato dell'altare] e il loro sangue viene raccolto in una nave consacrata sul lato nord [lato dell'altare]. Il loro sangue richiede di essere spruzzato tra le doghe [dell'arca] e sul sipario [che separa il santuario principale dalla camera del Santo dei Santi] e sull'altare [incenso] dorato. [L'omissione] di una di queste applicazioni invalida [l'offerta]. Egli [un prete] versò il resto del sangue sulla base occidentale dell'altare esterno. Se non lo ha [versato], ciò non invalida [l'offerta].
Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
איזהו מקומן של זבחים קדשי קדשים – burnt offerings, sin offerings and guilt offerings.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Introduction
The fifth chapter of Zevahim is a well-known chapter of Mishnah, at least in traditional circles, because it is recited every morning before Shacharit, the morning prayer service. The chapter describes how the sacrifices were offered, where in the Temple, how many times the blood was sprinkled on the altar, and other various issues. The reason why this chapter was recited every morning was that its recitation was meant to take the place of the sacrifices which could no longer be offered after the Temple was destroyed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
שחיטתן בצפון – a burnt offering is explicitly written regarding it (Leviticus 1:11 though the verse is not exactly the same as the one suggested by the commentary "ושחט אתו" vs. "ושחט אותה"): “It shall be slaughtered before the LORD on the north side of the altar.” The sin offering – it is written concerning it (Leviticus 6:18): “the sin offering shall be slaughtered before the LORD, at the spot where the burnt offering is slaughtered.” The Guilt offering, it is written concerning it (Leviticus 7:2): “The guilt offering shall be slaughtered at the spot where the burnt offering is slaughtered.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Which is the place [for the offering] of the sacrifices?
Most holy sacrifices are slaughtered on the north [side of the altar]. This is a general clause that will be further expanded henceforth through mishnah five. The three most holy sacrifices are the hatat, the asham and the olah.
Most holy sacrifices are slaughtered on the north [side of the altar]. This is a general clause that will be further expanded henceforth through mishnah five. The three most holy sacrifices are the hatat, the asham and the olah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
שחיטתן בצפון – for it did not teach here, “and the receipt of its blood [in the vessels dedicated to the Temple service] in the north, even though in all of them, the receipt of their blood is in the north at the place of slaughtering. But because there is the guilt offering of the leper that the Kohen would receive part of his blood in his palm as it is written (Leviticus 14:14): “The priest shall take some of the blood of the guilt offering, and the priest shall put it [on the ridge of the right ear of him who is being cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot].” Just as the putting by the Kohen himself with his finger, even the taking of by the Kohen on his own. Because of this, it (i.e., the
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
The bullock and the goat of Yom Kippur are [done] at the north, and the receiving of their blood is [performed] with ministering vessels at the north, and their blood requires sprinkling between the poles [of the ark], on the curtain, and on the golden altar. These sacrifices are mentioned in Leviticus 16, the chapter that is read in the synagogue on Yom Kippur. The section gives basic instructions as to where these two sacrifices are offered and where their blood must be sprinkled. When sprinkling the blood the high priest would stand between the poles of the ark and sprinkle the blood on the poles, on the veil in the sanctuary and on the golden altar which also stood in the sanctuary. For more detailed information, see Yoma 5:3-6.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
Mishnah) did not write [concerning] the receipt of the blood, because the receiving of the blood is not equivalent.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
[The omission of] a single application of [the blood] invalidates [them]. Every application of the blood must be executed and the omission of a single one of them invalidates these two sacrifices.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
פר ושעיר של יום הכפורים – even though it is written [in the Torah] regarding a burnt-offering [that is offered (after being slaughtered) in the north, the Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah] advanced that of sin-offerings in the first clause [of the Mishnah], since it comes from an exposition [of the Biblical text], it is more beloved to him. But innermost sin-offerings since one brings their blood in the innermost Holy of Holies, it is beloved to him, and they advance them to the rest of the sin-offerings. But they also, their slaughtering is in the north, as it is written (Leviticus 4:29): “And the purification offering shall be slaughtered at the place of the burnt offering,” but it is an additional verse, for behold it is written (Leviticus 6:18): “the purification offering shall be slaughtered before the LORD at the spot where the burnt offering is slaughter,” but that is the creation of a class,( i.e., a conclusion, by analogy, from a case explicitly stated in Biblical law on all similar cases not specified in detail) for all the sin-offerings that they will be required in the north.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
He [the priest] would pour out the remainders of the blood on the western base of the outer altar, but if he did not pour it out, he did not invalidate [the sacrifice]. The mishnah instructs the priest to pour the blood out on the base of the altar. If he doesn’t do so, or doesn’t do so in a proper manner, the sacrifice is still valid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
וקבול דמן בכלי שרת (in vessels dedicated to the Temple service) – as it is written in the burnt offering of Sinai (Exodus 24:6): “[Moses took on part of the blood] and pu it in basins, [and he other part of the blood he dashed against the altar.],’ and from it, we learned that all of the sacrifices require a utensil.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
הזיה על בין הבדין – he stands between the two bars projecting from the Ark and sprinkles once above and seven [times] below corresponding to the thickness of the cover of the Holy Ark, and they would not touch it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
ועל הפרוכת – as it is written (Leviticus 16:16): “and he shall do the same for the Tent of Meeting,”[which abides with them in the midst of their impurity].”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
ועל מזבח הזהב – as it is written (Leviticus 16:18): “he shall go out to the altar [that is before the LORD and purge it].” In the Order of the Divine Service of Yom Kippur in the Torah portion of Ahare Mot.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
מתנה אחת מעכבת – as we have stated in the chapter “Bet Shammai” (Chapter 4 of Tractate Zevakhim) [36b], that regarding the bull offered for an unwitting communal sin, it is written (Leviticus 4:20): “He shall do with this bull just as is done with then [priest’s] bull of purification offering; he shall do the same with it,” and it is an extraneous Biblical verse, which [if improperly done] impairs, if he is missing one of the gifts, he did not attain atonement. And we expound upon (Leviticus 4:20): “He shall do with this bull” – this is the bull of Yom Kippur, and with it also, one gift impairs, like the bull offered for an unwitting communal sin.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
אם לא נתן – the remnants of the blood to the base of the [golden] altar, he did not impair atonement, for after the sprinkling and giving of the blood in the Holy of Holies, it is written (Leviticus 16:20): “When he has finished purging the Shrine,” which implies that they had already completed all of the atonements entirely.
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