Commento su Terumot 3:6
הַמַּקְדִים תְּרוּמָה לַבִּכּוּרִים, מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַתְּרוּמָה, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, מַה שֶּׁעָשָׂה עָשׂוּי. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כב), מְלֵאָתְךָ וְדִמְעֲךָ לֹא תְאַחֵר:
Se uno mette da parte Terumah prima di Bikurim [i primi frutti che devono essere dati al sacerdote], o Ma'aser Rishon [prima decima, che deve essere data al levita] prima di Terumah , o Ma'aser Sheni [seconda decima, che deve essere mangiato a Gerusalemme] prima di Ma'aser Rishon , sebbene trasgredisca un comandamento negativo, ciò che ha fatto è fatto, poiché si dice: "Non ritarderai i tuoi raccolti di grano e i tuoi raccolti di uva" (Esodo 22:28 ).
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
שנאמר מלאתך ודמעך לא תאחר – this is what he said: he though he is transgressing a negative commandment, as it states (Exodus 22:28): “You shall not put off the skimming of the first yield of your vats,” nevertheless, what he did is done, as "מלאתך" /”your fullness,” – these are the first fruits, that fill the early seed/first-ripening, and "דמעך"/”full bloom”/”best part” – these are the heave-offerings, and First Tithe has the Terumah of the tithe (i.e., given by the Levite to the Kohen), "לא תאחר"/”do not put off,” you should not change the order.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
Below in mishnah seven we will learn that bikkurim, first fruits, should be taken from produce before one takes out the terumah. Today we learn that if one nevertheless gives the offerings in the wrong order, his actions are valid.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
He who gives terumah before first-fruits, or first tithe before terumah, or second tithe before first tithe, although he transgresses a negative commandment, that which he has done is done, for it is said: “You shall not delaying the skimming of the first yield of your vats” (Exodus 22:28). In all of these cases the person gives the agricultural offerings in the wrong order. He should have set aside first fruits while the fruits were still attached to the ground, but instead, what he did was first harvest them, then take out terumah and only afterwards set aside the bikkurim. Alternatively, he separated the tithes before the terumah or the second tithe before the first tithe. In all of these cases his actions are valid. One who took terumah out before the bikkurim has transgressed the negative commandment of delaying the giving of his first fruits, which is how this verse in Exodus is understood by the rabbis. However, despite the fact that this is a transgression, he still performed a valid act of separating terumah and he can eat the produce.
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