Commento su Terumot 11:5
גַּרְעִינֵי תְרוּמָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מְכַנְּסָן, אֲסוּרוֹת, וְאִם הִשְׁלִיכָן, מֻתָּרוֹת. וְכֵן עַצְמוֹת הַקָּדָשִׁים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מְכַנְּסָן, אֲסוּרִין, וְאִם הִשְׁלִיכָן, מֻתָּרִין. הַמֻּרְסָן מֻתָּר. סֻבִּין שֶׁל חֲדָשׁוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת, וְשֶׁל יְשָׁנוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. וְנוֹהֵג בַּתְּרוּמָה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא נוֹהֵג בַּחֻלִּין. הַמְסַלֵּת קַב אוֹ קַבַּיִם לִסְאָה, לֹא יְאַבֵּד אֶת הַשְּׁאָר, אֶלָּא יַנִּיחֶנּוּ בְּמָקוֹם הַמֻּצְנָע:
Semi di Terumah [frutto]: quando li raccoglie, sono vietati [ai non sacerdoti]. Ma se li butta via, sono autorizzati. Allo stesso modo, le ossa delle cose sante: quando le raccoglie, sono proibite. Ma se li butta via, sono autorizzati. È consentita la crusca grossolana. È vietata la farina di crusca di Chadash [grano dell'anno in cui è vietato mangiare] e Yashan [grano dell'anno precedente in cui è permesso mangiare] è permesso. Si può agire nei confronti di Terumah come si fa nei confronti di Chulin [prodotti non sacri]. Chi setaccia un Kav [unità specifica di volume] o due [di farina fine] da una Se'ah [unità specifica di volume] di grano, non dovrebbe rovinare il resto, ma piuttosto metterlo in un luogo nascosto.
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
גרעיני תרומה – kernels/stones that were found within the fruit of Terumah/heave-offering when the Kohen eats them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
This mishnah deals with the status of the parts of produce that are not generally eaten, but that sometimes might be. There are two related questions here: 1) can non-priests eat these parts? 2) Can the priest throw these parts away, without concern for the prohibitions of throwing away terumah? Basically, the issue is whether the laws of terumah apply to these parts.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
בזמן שהכהן מכניסן – and his mind is upon them and he has not made them ownerless, they are prohibited. As, for example, when they are soft and appropriate for eating such as the stones/fruit of apples and the quince and pears, if there remains in them moisteness that people can suck them, such as the fruit/stone/kernel of dates and things similar to them. But they are not appropriate at all even if the Kohen brings them in/keeps them , for they are permitted.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Seeds of terumah [fruit]: When he gathers them in, they are prohibited. But if he throws them away, they are permitted. If a priest gathers in seeds from terumah fruit in order to eat them, then they have to be treated as terumah and they are forbidden to non-priests. However, if he throws them away, thereby revealing that he doesn’t care about them, then they are not considered terumah and they may be eaten by a non-priest.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
עצמות הקדשים – we are speaking of the bones that are appropriate partially for eating, such as the heads of wings and gristles.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Similarly, the bones of holy things: When he gathers them in, they are prohibited. But if he throws them away, they are permitted. The same rules apply to the bones of animals offered as sacrifices. If the priest eating them gathers them in, perhaps to suck out the marrow, then the laws of sacrifices apply to them and they may not be eaten by a non-priest. However, if the priest throws them away, then they may be eaten by anyone.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
המורסן (coarse bran) – of heave-offering, and they are the thick bran flour which is permissible for foreigners (non-Kohanim).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Coarse bran is permitted. Coarse bran is the part of the kernel of grain that is sifted out in the first sifting when making flour (I guess they didn’t know how healthy this stuff is now we pay quite a bit for it!). Since it was usually not eaten, the laws of terumah do not apply to it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
סובין (bran flour/flour of second course) – of new wheat of heave offering is forbidden to foreigners, because he new [wheat] is moist and is not grinded/milled well , and there remains much flour combined with bran flour.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Fine bran of new wheat is forbidden, and old wheat permitted. New wheat is harder to grind. Therefore, when one grinds it, there will be a lot of flour mixed up with the bran and it is more likely to get eaten. Hence the rules of terumah apply. In contrast, with the old wheat it is easier to separate the fine bran from the flour and usually this fine bran won’t get eaten. It is accordingly permitted to non-priests.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ושל ישנות – of old wheat, for they are dry and grind/mill well, and are permitted, for the flour is not mixed in them at all. And until thirty days, they are called new.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
One may act with regard to terumah as one does with hullin. Although it is not permitted to throw away terumah because it is holy, one can treat terumah the same way that one treats the same produce when it is hullin. Parts of produce that one customarily throws away can still be thrown away when the produce is terumah, without concern that this is letting terumah go to waste.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ונהוג בתרומה – in removing the bran flour and the coarse bran
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
One who sifts a kav or two [of fine flour] from a seah of wheat, must not leave the rest to ruin, but rather he should put it in a hidden place. If one sifts a kav (1/6 of a seah) from a seah of wheat in order to make finely sifted flour, he can’t just leave the rest to go to waste because it is still fit as food. What he should do is put it in a safe place so that it does not get ruined.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
in the same manner that they practice with unconsecrated produce. But there is not here anything with destroying the heave-offering when he casts/throws out what is not appropriate for eating.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
המסלך – that absorbs the fine flour in order to make the purest bead, and he did not sift from one Seah which is six Kab, but rather one Kab or two Kabim.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
לא ישליך את השאר – for that would be appropriate for eating, and it is found that he is destroying the Terumah/heave-offering.
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