Commento su Tohorot 7:7
הַמַּנִּיחַ אֶת כֵּלָיו בְּחַלּוֹן שֶׁל אוֹדְיָארִין, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מְטַהֵר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיִּתֶּן לוֹ אֶת הַמַּפְתֵּחַ אוֹ חוֹתָם אוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה סִימָן. הַמַּנִּיחַ אֶת כֵּלָיו מִגַּת זוֹ לַגַּת הַבָּאָה, כֵּלָיו טְהוֹרִין. וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר בְּלִבִּי הָיָה לְשָׁמְרָם:
Se uno ha lasciato i suoi vestiti in un gabinetto [letteralmente: una finestra] di un addetto al bagno, il rabbino Elazar ben Azariah li dichiara puri; e i saggi dicono: [non sono puri] fino a quando [il servitore] gli dà la chiave, o un sigillo, o fa un segno [per assicurarsi che gli abiti non siano stati toccati]. Uno [un prete] che lascia le sue navi da una pressa per vino alla successiva pressa per vino [cioè lascia le sue navi dalla pressa per vino alla fine di una stagione per usarle per la stagione successiva], le sue navi sono pure. Se non era [non un prete né un levita, ma] un israelita, [non sono puri] fino a quando non dice: "Ho intenzione di vegliare su di loro".
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
אודיארין (store-keeper) – a bathing attendant – who receives a small coin as a fee/keeper of the clothes at the baths, the owners of the bathhouses which have many windows/apertures and anyone who enters to the bathhouse places his clothes in a window and he (i.e., the bathing attendant) locks them up with a door that is in the aperture/window.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
One who left his clothes in the cubbies of the bath house attendants: Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah says that they are clean, But the sages say: [they are not clean] unless he gives him the key or the seal or unless he left some sign on them. The mishnah describes bath house attendants to whom one gives his clothes to watch over while bathing. The bath house attendant would put the clothes in the cubby. The fear is that someone else might have touched the clothes and thereby defiled them. Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah rules leniently the clothes are assumed to have been watched over and they are pure. The other sages rule more strictly. The clothes are pure only if the owner takes some precaution to make sure no one else touches them. If the attendant gives him the key they are pure. If he gives him a seal to make sure no one opens the cubby, they are also pure. Finally, if he puts a sign on the clothes so that he could tell if they were touched, then they are pure.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
רבי אליעזר בן עזריה מטהר – from the time that he looks the door in front of the window/aperture. And we are not concerned that perhaps a ritually impure person will touch there, after he is seized as a thief.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
One who left his clothes from one wine-pressing to the next, his clothes remain clean. This refers to a priest who wants to make sure that the wine he presses is pure. Therefore he has special clothes that he uses just for wine pressing. If he leaves them from one wine pressing to the next, they can stay pure.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
עד שיתן לו המפתח – and even though he places the key in the hand of the bathing attendant who is a commoner/not stringent in the observance of the Levitical laws of purity and tithes, for it is taught in the Mishnah (a text which I could not find) above (note: we have a teaching in the Tosefta Tractate Taharot, Chapter 8, Halakha 1 that teaches the reverse: "המוסר מפתח לעם הארץ הבית טמא"/He who gives over the key to a commoner, the house is ritually impure – the exact reverse of what the Bartenura commentary is pointing out and which agrees with the view of the Sages): “He who gives over the key to a commoner, the house is ritually pure.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If he left them with an Israelite [the clothes are unclean] unless he says, "I have watched over them carefully." However, if he gives them to a regular Israelite to watch over, the Israelite must be able to declare that he watched over them carefully. If he is not sure, then the clothes must be treated as potentially having been defiled.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
או עד שיעשה לו סימן – to recognize that no person touched there. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
המניח את כליו – vessels that he cut grapes with in ritual purity in this year, he leaves them to cut grapes with them in ritual purity in the following year.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
בנכרי כליו טהורין – we have this reading, meaning to say, if he left them with a heathen, there is no prohibition of wine poured as a libation/יין נסך associated with them, for we are not concerned that perhaps a Canaanite took them without the knowledge of the Israelite to make [wine] with them in the vat for wine-pressing.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
ובישראל – for he worries/is concerned about them because of defilement through contact, they are ritually impure if his attention was diverted from them, until he says: It was my intention (literally, in my heart) to guard them. But there are books in which we do not have the reading [of the word]: "בנכרי"/with a heathen, but rather a person who leaves a vessel from this vintage to the next vintage, his vessels are ritually pure, and we are dealing with a Kohen who purchases wine of heave-offering/priest’s due from a commoner/who is not careful in his observance of the laws of Levitical purity or tithes and leaves his vessels with him in order that he can purchase from him during the next vintage, for since the vessels belong to a Kohen, the commoner trembles and doesn’t touch them. But if the vessels are of an Israelite who desires to make his wine in a state of ritual purity, a commoner is not all that careful with them, and we are concerned that perhaps a ritually impure person touched them, if his attention was diverted from them, until he states: “it was my intention to guard them.”
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy