Se ha sospeso su di esso una vite, una zucca o un'edera, usandole come schach, è pasul, [ciò che è attaccato (al suolo) non è kasher come schach]. Ma se lo schach (kasher) era più (abbondante) degli altri, o se li tagliava, è kasher. [("se lo schach fosse più" :) Se ci fosse molto più kasher schach di vite o zucca, è kasher. Questo, se li schiacciava e li mescolava con la feccia del kasher in modo che non fossero cospicui. Perché, la predominanza di kasher schach, li "cancella" quando vengono mescolati. ("o se li ha tagliati:") Anche dopo averli sospesi come schach è kasher; questo, a condizione che li muova dopo averli tagliati. Perché se non lo fa, è pasul, è scritto (Levitico 16:13): "La festa del succoto farai per te stesso"—e non da ciò che è già stato fatto. Cioè, quando lo fai, deve essere (da ciò che è) adatto per una succah, e non "da ciò che è fatto", cioè qualcosa di pasul, che non è adatto per una succah ma che modifichi, come quando tenta di renderlo kasher tagliandolo (semplicemente) e non annullandolo. Ma spostarlo è come annullarlo e poi usarlo come schach, sollevarne uno e metterlo giù e ripetere il processo con gli altri.] Questa è la regola: tutto ciò che può acquisire tuma e non crescere nel terreno non può essere usato come schach, [per escludere (dall'uso) vasi di legno, abiti di lino e stuoie, che, anche se hanno origine nel terreno, non possono essere usati come schach, poiché possono acquisire tumah.] E tutto ciò che non può acquisire tumah e cresce il terreno può essere usato come schach, [in fase di scrittura (Deuteronomio 16:13): "La festa della successione farai per te stesso ... dalla tua aia e dal tuo vinificatore." Le Scritture parlano dei rigetti della trebbiatura e del vinificatore, cioè di ciò che resta dopo che hai raccolto (i frutti del) pavimento del trebbiante e il tuo vinificatore, come cannucce e viti. Da loro, crea una succah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
הדלה עליה – he lifted on its back.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
Introduction
This mishnah teaches a few general rules regarding what can be used as skhakh, the covering on top of the sukkah.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
קיסום – In a foreign language IDRA, and it grows like a grape-vine and like a gourd.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
If he trained a vine or a gourd or ivy over [the sukkah] and put skhakh on top of it, it is not valid. But if the skhakh is more than them, or if he cut them, it is valid. In this section we learn several important rules governing skhakh. The first is that the skhakh must be detached from the ground. If one takes living vines and trains them on top of his sukkah, the sukkah is invalid. This is true even if he put some valid skhakh on top of the vines that were still attached to the ground. The sukkah becomes valid only if he puts more valid skhakh than the invalid attached vines, or if he cuts down the vines. This is an important point. The only thing that makes the vines invalid is that they are still attached to the ground.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
פסולה – because we don’t cover [the Sukkah] with something attached [to the ground].
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
This is the general rule: whatever is susceptible to [ritual] impurity and does not grow from the ground may not be used for skhakh, but whatever is not susceptible to [ritual] impurity and does grow from ground soil may be used for skhakh. There are two general rules presented here. The first is that the skhakh has to be something that cannot receive ritual impurity. This means that clothing, chairs, tables, dishes, sheets, etc. cannot be used as skhakh. Basically, this includes most things that have been “made” or “fashioned” by human hands. Branches of trees cannot become impure and hence can be used for skhakh. Secondly, it has to be something that originally grew from the ground. This rules out metal, stone, clay, plastic etc. Interestingly, these two rules, and that in the previous section, are in a sense foils for one another. The skhakh must be dead, but it must be something that was once alive. Something has to have been done to it by human hands it has to be cut from the ground, but not too much can be done with it humans can’t turn it into useful instruments. The skkakh is then “liminal” it mediates between the natural world and the humanly created world. So too it is above us, mediating between God and humanity.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
אם היה הסכוך הרבה מהם – if there was there S’khakh/covering of the festive booth that is much greater than the grape-vines and gourds, it is valid, and it is the case where they press down on them and combine them with the S’khakh it is valid and it is not apparent to the eye, for valid S;khakh is greater than them and cancels them out when they are combined.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
או שקצצן – even after he covered the roof with them, it is valid. And it is when he shakes them after cutting the, for if it this were not the case, it would be invalid, for the Torah stated (Deuteronomy 16:13): “You shall hold the Feast of Booths [for seven days], and not from what was done, that is to say, that it shall be done so that it would be appropriate for a Sukkah, and not from what is made which is invalid, for that which is not worthy of a Sukkah and you repair it, that you make it valid with cutting and did not go back and destroy it, but when you shake them, it is like destroying and you go back and cover it again, and raise up each one alone and place it and go back and raise its neighbor and place it [on the roof].
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
כל דבר שאינו כו' – to exclude a wooden utensil and flax coting and matting, for even though they grow in the ground, we don’t cover the Sukkah with them since they [are receptive] to receiving defilement.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
וגידוליו מן הארץ וכו' – as it is written (Deuteronomy 16:13): “[After the ingathering] from your threshing floor and your vat, [you shall hold] the Feast of Booths for seven days,” the verse speaks of the refuse/worthless matter of the granary and the vat, that is to say, from what remains after you have gathered the granary and the vat such as the hard/strong grain and the vine-shoots, from them, make the Sukkah.
