È consentito conservare in sh'lachin [nasconde. Il targum di (Levitico 1: 6): "E scuoterà" è "Veyashlach".], E possono essere spostati (di sabato), [indipendentemente dal fatto che li abbia immagazzinati, perché possono essere reclinati. ] (È consentito conservare) in trucioli di lana, ed è vietato spostarli, [poiché sono destinati alla filatura e alla tessitura. E anche se per il momento li ha immagazzinati, non li ha rinunciati del tutto (per girare e tessere), non li ha designati specificamente per la conservazione; ma se lo facesse, potrebbe spostarli.] Cosa può fare [colui che ha conservato la sua pentola]? [Come può toglierlo se è vietato spostarli (le cesoie), essendo interamente coperto da loro?] Si toglie il coperchio [del vaso, che ha lo status di una nave], e cadono . [E anche se si basano su di esso, questo non ci riguarda, non essendo considerato come una base per loro, la sua funzione è quella di coprire il piatto.] R. Eliezer b. Azaryah dice: Gira la scatola da un lato e prende, per paura di estrarla e non riuscire a restituirla. [Quando viene a prendere (cibo dalla pentola), gira la scatola (contenente la pentola) su un lato, per non prendere la pentola e le cesoie su entrambi i lati cadono nel foro (in cui è conservata la pentola) , così che se desidera restituirlo lì, non gli sarà permesso di spostare le cesoie su entrambi i lati per rimetterlo nel buco.] I saggi dicono: Lo prende e lo restituisce. [Prende il piatto, e se le cesoie su entrambi i lati non cadono e il buco non viene rovinato (per riporlo), riporta il piatto al suo posto; e non gli proibiamo di prendere la pentola ab initio per non rovinare il buco. E i saggi concordano sul fatto che se il buco fosse rovinato, potrebbe non restituirlo. L'halachah è conforme ai saggi.] Se non lo copriva mentre era ancora giorno, potrebbe non coprirlo quando fa buio. [Perché è vietato conservare di sabato, anche in qualcosa che non aggiunge calore.] Se lo copriva, e si scopriva, gli è permesso di ricoprirlo. Si può riempire un bollitore e posizionarlo [di sabato] sotto un kar [che mette sotto la sua testa, anche se è pieno di mochim o piume, questo non è il solito modo di "immagazzinare"], o sotto un keseth, [più grande di un kar].
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שלחין – hides, it is the Aramaic translation of “he stripped/flayed [skin] and stretched forth.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
The second (and last) mishnah of this brief chapter teaches that sometimes one may use certain material to cover up food to preserve its heat and yet the material is “muktzeh” and hence cannot be handled on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ומטלטלין אותן – whether he covered them or whether he didn’t cover them for it appears like he mixed them – that is to say, to rely upon them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
They may cover up [food] with hides, and they may be handled; Hides only preserve heat and do not add heat and therefore they may be used to cover up food on Shabbat. The hides also can be used as mats for sitting or lying down. Since they can be used on Shabbat they are not muktzeh and they may be handled.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ואין מטלטלין אותן – for they are Muktzeh/forbidden for use and/or handling on the Sabbath to spin or to weave, and even though he covered them for the time, he did not make them ownerless completely, and when he couldn’t designate them out for covering, but designated them for covering from carrying them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
[They may cover up food] with wool shearings, but they may not be handled. Wool shearings may be used for covering up food but they may not be handled. Normally wool shearings are used for spinning wool and making cloth, an activity prohibited on Shabbat. Hence, they are muktzeh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כיצד יעשה – this one who covered them, how shall he take his pot – since it is prohibited to carry them and it is all covered in them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
What then is done? The lid [of the pot] is lifted, and they [the shearings] fall off of their own accord. The mishnah now addresses the problem of a pot that was covered with wool shearings before Shabbat: how does she get to the pot when it is covered by material which is muktzeh? The answer is that she may simply pick up the lid and allow the wool shearings to fall by the side.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
נוטל – the cover of the pot that has the status of a utensil upon it, and even though that they are upon it, and we don’t care that it was not make a base for them, for it was not made other than to cover the pot.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah says: the basket [holding the pot] he turns on its side and [the food] is removed, lest one lift [the lid of the pot] and is unable to replace it. But the Sages say: one may take [out the pot] and replace [it]. This section refers to a situation where a person put a pot into a basket. The basket was filled with material (wool shearing in this case) to preserve the heat of the pot. She made space in the shearings so that the pot could fit in. The problem is that if she removes the pot she won’t be able to make space in the basket so that it can be returned. Rabbi Elazar says that she tilts the basket to the side and takes directly from the pot while it is in the basket. She is not allowed to remove the pot lest she move the muktzeh wool shearings in order to return it. The Sages hold that we are not concerned lest there not be space to return the pot and therefore she may take it out. However, if she takes it out and there is no space to return it, she may not move aside the wool shearings in order to return it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
רבי אלעזר אומר קופה מטה על צדה ונוטל – when he comes to take it, he tilts the basket on its side lest he take the pot and the wool-sheerings that from one side and from the other into the hole that is in the pot and if it is required to go back and to cover it, he won’t be able to carry the sheerings from here and there and to make a hole and return them into it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If he did not cover it [a pot] while it was yet day, it may not be covered after nightfall. If it was covered but became uncovered, it may be recovered. It was permitted to cover up food only before Shabbat began. Once Shabbat has begun covering up is prohibited lest someone find that her food has grown cold and come to actually cook it on Shabbat. However, it is permitted to return food to where it had been covered and therefore if the covering comes off, it is also permitted to return the covering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
וחכ"א נוטל – [The Sages state that he takes] the pot and if the wool- sheerings fell out, and the hole did not become ruined, he returns pot to its place, and they did not prohibit him to take the pot, ab initio, a decreed lest the hole become ruined. But the Sages admit that if the hole did not become ruined, he should not return the objects, and the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One may fill a jug with [cold water] and place it under a pillow or blanket [to keep it cool]. There is no prohibition to cover cold things in order to preserve their coolness on Shabbat. The entire prohibition of “covering up” only referred to hot foods because of the concern that someone might come to cook on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
לא יכסנו משתחשך – for it is forbidden to cover it on the Sabbath, whether it is something that adds vapor, whether it is something that does not add vapor in the manner of covering it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ונותן – on the Sabbath, under the pillow that he places under his head, and even though it is filled with spongy-wool substance or feathers, this is not the manner of covering with it.
