Un tanur (un forno) che veniva riscaldato con paglia o con gevava [Poiché un tanur è stretto sopra e largo sotto, il suo calore è più concentrato di quello di un kirah, in modo che anche se fosse riscaldato con paglia o con gevava, noi temo che possa mescolare i carboni, perché non gli toglie mai la testa] —un piatto non può essere posizionato al suo interno, né all'interno né sul lato. Un kupach che è stato riscaldato con paglia o gevavah è come un kirayim; con gefeth o legno, come un tanur. [Un kupach è fatto come un kirah, ma è lungo quanto è ampio, quindi c'è spazio per un solo piatto. Il fuoco passa sotto di esso e il suo calore è maggiore di quello di un kirah (perché un kirah è aperto sopra lo spazio di due pentole, mentre il kupach è aperto solo lo spazio di una pentola) e inferiore a quello di un tanur.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
תנור – because it is narrow above and wide below, it absorbs its heat into it more than a double stove and even if he heated it with straw and rakings, we fear that he might rake the coals under the ashes, for he never removes it from his mind.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
In yesterday’s mishnah we learned about leaving a cooked dish on a double stove during Shabbat. Today’s mishnah discusses ovens and single stoves. To understand these mishnayot we need to understand a little bit about how these things were made. Double stoves are as wide on top as they are below and therefore they do not preserve heat particularly well. Ovens are wider below than they are up top and are the best at preserving heat. Single stoves have only one opening up top they are hotter than double stoves but cooler than ovens.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
בין מגביו – for support near its walls.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If an oven was heated with stubble or straw, one may not place [a dish] either inside or on top. Since the heat of an oven is greater than that of a stove, it is forbidden to leave anything in or on top of an oven. Even if there is only a little fire, we are concerned lest she come to rake the coals on Shabbat. The mishnah states that this is prohibited when the oven is lit with stubble or straw; all the more so it is prohibited if the oven is lit with peat or wood.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כופח – it is made like a double stove but its length is like its width and is stove which only has room for one pot (Tractate Shabbat 38b), and the fire passes underneath it and its vapor is greater than that of the double stove for the double stove is open above for two pots and the brazier/small stove is not open other than for the measure of one pot and has less than the vapor of an oven.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If a single stove was heated with stubble or straws, it is like a double stove; With peat or wood, it is like an oven. If a single stove is heated with stubble or straw then we can treat it like the double stove and leave a dish on it on Shabbat. However, if it was heated with peat or wood then it is like an oven and it is forbidden to leave dishes both on top and inside. The Talmud adds that even if the coals had been removed or covered with ash it is still prohibited.
