È permesso rompere una brocca (su Shabbath), [questo essendo "mekalkel" (dannoso)] per mangiare fichi da essa, purché non intenda fare una nave [cioè, per fare una bella apertura per essa ]. Ed è vietato forare un tappo di una (brocca da vino) [cioè il tappo che è sigillato sulla bocca della brocca; ma lo rimuove tutto, perché la foratura del tappo sta (considerando) creando un'apertura.] Queste sono le parole di R. Yehudah. R. Yossi lo consente, [questa non è l'apertura convenzionale. L'halachah è conforme a R. Yossi.] E non può perforarlo dal suo lato. [Cioè, R. Yossi permette di perforarlo solo dall'alto, in testa al tappo, non è consuetudine creare un'apertura lì, ma piuttosto rimuovere l'intero tappo. Ma, a parte, a volte uno fora il lato del tappo per fare un'apertura (non voler aprirlo in cima in modo che ciottoli o sabbia non cadano nel vino.)] E se fosse forato, non gli è permesso mettere cera su di esso, essendo memareach ("sbavando") [proibito a causa di memachek ("cancellare")]. R. Yehudah disse: Un esempio del genere [ponendo la cera, ecc.] Venne prima di R. Yochanan b. Zakkai ad Arav, e disse: "Temo che possa essere ritenuto responsabile di un sacrificio per il peccato" [se spalmava la cera per fissarla alle pareti della nave attorno al buco.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שובר אדם את החבית – because it is damaged.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah teaches that one may break open a container to get food out of it, but one may not break open the container in such a way that the container becomes a vessel. Making a vessel is prohibited on Shabbat but ruining vessels is permitted, so long as there is a purpose to ruining them, like getting the food out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ובלבד שלא יתכוין לעשותה כלי – to make for it a nice spout.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
A man may break open a cask in order to eat dried figs from it, provided that he does not intend to make the cask into a vessel. Since breaking the ceramic cask ruins it, she may break it open in order to get out the figs (or whatever else may be inside). However, she may not break it open and leave a nice opening in such a way that the cask becomes a vessel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אין נוקבים מגופה – that is attached to the mouth of the barrel, for if he were to pierce it, he would he is repairing the opening.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
And one may not perforate the stopper of a cask, the words of Rabbi Judah. But the sages permit it. Rabbi Judah holds that one may not perforate the ceramic stopper which is on the top of a cask because that is considered making a vessel. What she should do is remove the stopper altogether. The sages allow it because this is not a normal way of making a vessel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ר' יוסי מתיר – for it is not the manner for the opening of the barrel with this, and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
And one may not pierce it at its side; All agree that one cannot pierce it at its side. In the Talmud there is a debate whether this refers to the side of the cask or the side of the stopper.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ולא יקבנה מצדה – that is to say, that which Rabbi Yosi permits to pierce the bung/stopper, is nor permitted other than above at the top of the stopper, for it is not the manner to make an opening there, but rather, he takes the entire bung/stopper, but from its side, as sometimes when he makes a perforation in the side of the bung, because he does not want to open it above so that stones or dirt will not fall into the wine.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
And if it is already perforated one may not place wax upon it, because he smoothes it out. Rabbi Judah said: a case came before Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai in Arav and he said, “I fear [that he may be liable] to a sin-offering.” If the cask/stopper is already perforated she may not spread wax upon it in order to close it up. The problem is that when she pours wax she will also need to smooth it out. The rabbis thought that smoothing out wax was like “erasing” which is prohibited. Rabbi Judah relates a case where a person who perforated a cask/stopper at its side came in front of R. Yohanan ben Zakai and R. Yohanan said that he might be obligated to bring a sin-offering for having unwittingly transgressed Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ממרח – and there is here because of erasing/blotting out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
בערב – the name of a place.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
חוששני לו מחטאת – if the wax is smoothed over to cleave to the walls of the utensil around the perforation/hole.
