Non possiamo accendere olio per bruciare un festival. [Viene fornito il motivo di ciò che è stato insegnato nella precedente Mishnah, vale a dire: perché "Non accendiamo l'olio per bruciare?" Perché non possiamo accendere l'olio per bruciarlo in un festival (cibi consacrati non bruciati in un festival.)] R. Yishmael dice: Non possiamo accendere con la resina [il residuo di catrame] a causa dell'onore del sabato. [Il suo odore è particolarmente disgustoso; tuttavia, poiché è morbido, viene "tirato" dopo lo stoppino più del catrame. Pertanto, se non fosse per l'onore del Sabbath, sarebbe usato per accendere.] E i sacchi lo permettono con tutti gli oli: con olio di sesamo [Il sesamo è un sottile seme dolce trovato abbondantemente in Eretz Yisrael.], Con olio di noci, con olio di ravanello, con olio di pesce, con olio di paku'oth [cetriolo selvatico], con resina e con nafta [una specie di catrame. È bianco e ha un cattivo odore.] R. Tarfon dice: Solo l'olio d'oliva può essere usato per accendere. [L'halachah è conforme ai saggi, secondo cui tutti gli oli possono essere usati per accendere eccetto quelli elencati sopra (2: 1) ed eccetto l'olio di balsamo e la nafta bianca, per entrambi questi "vola e brucia", e temiamo che lui potrebbe lasciare (la lampada) ed uscire. E c'è ancora un altro motivo per vietarlo con olio di balsamo—un decreto, per non prenderne parte a causa della sua qualità superiore. Ed è governato: se uno mette l'olio in una lampada (di sabato), è responsabile per "accendersi"; e se ne prende una parte, è responsabile per "estinzione".]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אין מדליקין בשמן שריפה ביו"ט – the reason that the Mishnah above (i.e., Mishnah 1) – it is stated, what is the reason that the Mishnah states – and not with impure oil from Terumah, because we don’t kindle with impure oil from Terumah since we do not kindle Holy Things on Jewish holy days.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah continues to discuss oils which may be used for lighting the Shabbat lights.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אין מדליקין בעטרן – refuse of pitch and its smell is extremely bad, but however, it is drawn after the wick more than pitch because it is soft. Therefore, were it not because of the holiness of the Sabbath, they would kindle with it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
They may not kindle [the Shabbat light] with [terumah] oil [which must be] burnt on festivals. This section deals with festivals. Of all of the forbidden oils listed at the end of yesterday’s mishnah, this is the only one prohibited on festivals. The other oils are permitted. They are prohibited on Shabbat because they don’t light well and someone might come to tilt the lamp. Tilting the lamp is prohibited on Shabbat but not on festivals. Hence, on festivals there is no reason to prohibit these types of oils.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שומשמין – such is its name in Arabic, and it is soft, sweet seed and in the Land of Israel there is a lot of it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Ishmael says: they may not light with tar, because of the honor of the Shabbat. Rabbi Ishmael says that tar may not be used because it smells bad. Furthermore, if the smell is really bad the person might extinguish it, which is prohibited on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
צנונות – oil that comes out from radish seed.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
But the sages permit with all oils: with sesame oil, nut oil, radish oil, fish oil, gourd oil, tar and naphtha. The sages allow the use of any type of oil, even tar and naphta. It seems that the reason that most of the sages were so lenient is to keep the costs down, especially in places where good olive oil is not abundant.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
פקועות – a desert gourd.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Tarfon says: they don’t light with anything but olive oil. Olive oil is the best type of oil for lighting a lamp. That is why it is customary to use olive oil on Hannukah (despite our modern custom of using wax candles). Rabbi Tarfon demands only the best for Shabbat. In the Talmud the Sages respond by asking Rabbi Tarfon what people in lands outside of Israel who don’t have access to olive oil do.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
נפט – it is a kind of pitch and white, and its smell is bad, but the Halakha is according to the Sages that we kindle with all of the oils except from those impure ones that are listed above in our Mishnah and except from the oil of balsamum and white naphtha, for each of these two oils flies and burns, and we are concerned lest he set it aside and leave. But there is another reason to prohibit balsamum oil, a decree lest he be in doubt of it because of its importance, and we hold that a person who puts oil in the candle is liable because of starting a fire and one who is doubt of it is liable because of extinguishing it.
