Questi devono essere rimossi ["dal mondo"] su Pesach [Anche se non si trasgredisce bal yeraeh a causa loro, i rabbini hanno ordinato di essere rimossi. Come indicato di seguito (3: 5): "Siur (pasta parzialmente fermentata) deve essere bruciato, anche se chi lo mangia non è responsabile."], Kutach habavli [fatto da pane ammuffito e latte, in cui immergerebbero il cibo] , shechar hamadi [birra che avrebbero fatto a Madai dal grano o dall'orzo imbevuto d'acqua], chometz ha'adomi [aceto prodotto in Edom, dall'orzo messo nel vino e lasciato lì fino alla fermentazione], zitom hamitzri [un terzo orzo , un terzo di zafferano selvatico, un terzo di sale, fatto per scopi curativi. Fino a questo punto (ci sono stati elencati) varietà di chametz che sono adatte per mangiare in ta'aroveth (miscela). Da questo punto in poi, il chametz indurito in sé], lo zoma dei tintori [acqua in cui è collocata la farina di crusca e che i tintori usano nel loro lavoro], l'amil dei cuochi [una pagnotta fatta con farina di grano meno di uno - terzo maturato, usato per coprire i vasi per assorbire i vapori], e il kolan degli scribi [macinato impastato con acqua e usato dagli scribi per incollare le loro carte]. R. Eliezer dice: anche gli ornamenti delle donne (tachshitei nashim). [R. Eliezer aggiunge (alle categorie). Per il primo tanna elenca solo chametz di grano assoluto in miscela o chametz indurito in sé. E R. Eliezer aggiunge anche il tachshitei nashim, che viene indurito in combinazione con altri ingredienti. La gemara chiede: "Tachshitei nashim"? (vale a dire, cosa hanno a che fare gli ornamenti con Chametz? E risponde :) "Di ', piuttosto:' tifulei nashim '", il pasto che le donne applicano (tofloth) alla loro pelle con altre erbe per rimuovere i capelli o per sbiancare e lisciare la pelle. L'halachah non è conforme a R. Eliezer.] Questa è la regola: qualsiasi cosa sia di una varietà di grano deve essere rimossa su Pesach, [se è una delle cinque varietà mescolate con acqua. Perché se non c'è acqua, ma solo succo di frutta, la regola è che il succo di frutta non produce chametz.], Essi vengono riassunti nell'esortazione [cioè se uno li mangia trasgredisce un comandamento negativo], e non sono soggetti a kareth. [Perché solo il chametz completo è soggetto a kareth e non a una mescolanza. Ma riceve strisce se mangia un chametz grande come una oliva in una miscela nel tempo necessario per mangiare un p'ras (mezza pagnotta) e se non lo fa, non riceve le strisce dalla legge della Torah. Tuttavia, si ottiene un divieto, essendo proibita qualsiasi quantità di una miscela di Chametz su Pesach.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
אלו עוברין – these are removed from the world, for even though these do not violate on (Exodus 13:7): “no leaven shall be found (literally – “seen”) [in all your territory,, from the Rabbis however, it requires removal. And that which is taught further on (see Mishnah 5) that “dough beginning to ferment is to be burned,” and even though “that the one who eats it is exempt.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah provides two lists: one of food items which have small amounts of chametz mixed into them, and the other a list of non-food items which are made from dough. It is forbidden to eat or to possess any of the things on this list. However, one who does so is not subject to the full punishment of “karet” (extirpation), the punishment given for eating plain, non-mixed and edible chametz on Pesah (see Exodus 12:15). The reason that the punishment is less is that these are either not fully chametz but rather mixtures, or if they are fully chametz they are not generally edible or considered to be food.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
Babylonian kutah - it's made from moldy bread and milk. They would dip foods into it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
These must be removed on Pesah: Babylonian kutah, Medean beer, Idumean vinegar, Egyptian zitom, Babylonian kutah is a mixture of curds, crumbs and salt. Medean beer (the word in Hebrew for beer just means a strong drink) has barley in it, as does Idumean vinegar and Egyptian zitom (another strong drink). All of these things are foods which must be removed from one’s possession before Pesach because they contain in them grains which have turned into chametz. It is curious to me that the mishnah lists only foreign products. Indeed, these are four of the empires that ruled over Israel: Babylonia, Medea (Persia), Edom (Rome) and Egypt. However, Greece usually appears in this list and Egypt does not.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שכר המדי – liquor that they would make in Media from wheat or barley steeped in water.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
The dyer’s pulp, cook’s dough, and the scribes’ paste. Dyer’s broth has bran in it, probably as a thickener. Cook’s dough is dough that is used to soak up the extra, dirty liquid from cooking pots. Scribe’s paste was used to glue parts of parchments together. None of these three things is intended to be used as food and indeed they all probably taste terrible. Nevertheless, since they all do have chametz in them they must be removed before Pesach.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וחומץ האדומי – vinegar that is made in the land of Edom, where they put barley [in wine] and let them stand until they ferment.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Rabbi Eliezer says: women’s ornaments too. Rabbi Eliezer adds women’s ornaments, which are made with mixtures of chametz. The Talmud understands this as referring to various salves and not to jewelry.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וזיתום המצרי – one-third barley and one third (of the mixture) of safflower which is the desert saffron and it is called in Arabic “Kartom” and one third salt and it is made for medicinal purposes. Until here, it is leaven that is fit for eating via a mixture. From here and onwards it is a spoiled leavened substance in its natural condition unfit for food (Pesahim 43a).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
This is the general rule: whatever is of a species of grain must be removed on Pesah. These are subject to a warning but they do not involve karet. The mishnah now provides two general rules, rules which I explained in my introduction. The first is that anything that has in it grain, even if that grain is only in a mixture with other non-grain items, must be removed from one’s possession on Pesah. The second one is that one is not liable for karet for eating or possessing things that are not fully chametz i.e. foods which are not in a mixture with other things. However, they are still prohibited.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וזומן של צבעים – water which one puts into it bran-flour/four of the the second course. And we use the dye for their work.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ועמילן של טבחים – [bread] which we make from flour of grain that did not bring up one-third of its ripening process , and with it we cover the pot to absorb the evil smell.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וקולן של סופרים – the dust of the millstone which we knead with water and the scribes glue their papers to it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
רבי אליעזר – adds, for the first Tanna whereas does not have this other than completely grain leavened products via a mixture or a spoiled leavened substance in its natural condition [which is unfit for food]. But Rabbi Eliezer adds even women’s makeup which is a spoiled leavened substance in its natural condition [which is unfit for food] via a mixture of ingredients of frankincense (or artist’s materials). And in the Gemara (Pesahim 43a), Do you think that women’s makeup [only]? But rather, I would say, even women’s plaster, sifted fine flour that women attach and combine on their skin with other artist’s materials/frankincense to remove the hair or to whiten it and to make the skin finer. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
כל שהוא מן דגן – from the five species [of grain], and they have water mixed in, for if there is not water in them but only fruit juice, we hold that fruit juices do not ferment.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
הרי אל באזהרה – if he at them, he violates a negative commandment.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ואין בהם כרת – for on complete leaven he is punished by extirpation, fur he is not punished with extirpation on a mixture. But he is flogged on eating it if he ate an olive’s bulk of leaven in the mixture in order to eat within a certain time a piece of wheat bread (see Mishnah Negaim, Chapter 8, Mishnah 9 – roughly equivalent to a half-a-loaf -see Tosefta Negaim Chapter 7, Halakha 10). But if he at an olive’s worth of leaven without a mixture in the time that it takes to eat piece of wheat bread is not flogged according to the Torah. However, at least, there is a prohibition for Hametz on Passover is forbidden in a mixture in any amount.
