La farina non deve essere messa in charoseth [qualcosa contenente aceto e acqua, in cui viene immersa la carne] o nella senape. E se uno lo mette [nella senape], deve mangiarlo immediatamente. [Perché la senape è affilata e non si cola molto rapidamente come accade a charoseth. Ma con charoseth, il primo tanna concorda con R. Meir che è proibito.] R. Meir lo proibisce [anche se lo mette in senape, sostenendo che diventa immediatamente chametz in senape, come in charoseth. L'halachah non è conforme a R. Meir. Il Pesach (cioè la carne dell'offerta Pesach) non deve essere cucinato, [è scritto (Esodo 12: 9): "... e cotto, cucinato"—in alcun modo], né nei liquidi né nei succhi di frutta. Ma può essere unto e immerso in essi [dopo essere stato arrostito, e non diciamo che il suo gusto sia così neutralizzato. Altrimenti, anche prima che venga arrostito, è consentito ungere il Pesach con succo di frutta. Perché così fu insegnato (7: 3): "Se lo ungessero con olio di teruma, se fossero una compagnia di Cohanim, potrebbero mangiarlo."] L'acqua usata dal fornaio [per rinfrescarsi le mani quando lui form the matzoth] dovrebbe essere rovesciato [lungo un'inclinazione, in modo che non si raccolga in un punto] perché (in tal modo) diventa chametz.
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
בחרוסת – a thing that has vinegar and water in it and is made to dip meat in it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah contains three more prohibited mixtures, two of which deal with chametz.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ואם נתן – into the mustard.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
One may not put flour into haroset or into mustard; “Haroset” is a mixture of fruit and wine or wine vinegar and it was customary to put flour in it as well. However, on Pesah it is forbidden to put flour in it because the wine or wine vinegar will cause it to become chametz. Mustard is also made with vinegar and therefore it is also forbidden to put flour into it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
יאכל מיד – for the mustard is sharp and does not sour quickly like the Haroset (a pap made of fruits and spices with wine – to sweeten the bitter herb) and, but regarding Haroset, the first Tanna [of our Mishnah] agrees with Rabbi Meir that it is forbidden.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
And if he did put [it], it must be eaten immediately; But Rabbi Meir forbids [it]. If he nevertheless did put flour into either mustard or haroset, he must eat it immediately so that it doesn’t become chametz. Rabbi Meir, however, holds that it becomes chametz immediately and therefore one cannot eat it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ורבי מאיר אוסר – even if he put it into the mustard, for he holds that mustard immediately sours/leavens like the Haroset. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
One may not boil the Pesah sacrifice, neither in liquids nor in fruit juice but one may baste and dip it in them. Exodus 12:9 forbids eating the Pesach sacrifice if it has been boiled. Our mishnah adds that this prohibition holds true for all liquids, water and fruit juices the sacrifice may not be boiled in any liquid. However, it is not prohibited to baste the sacrifice with liquids such as wine or oil while it is roasting and one can dip the meat in liquids after the roasting is complete. Perhaps the reason that this section is here is that above we dealt with Exodus 12:8 and here we deal with Exodus 12:9. Alternatively, since the previous sections and the following one deal with juices, this halakhah is brought here.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
לא במשקין ולא במי פירות – as it is written (Exodus 12:9): “[Do not eat any of it raw,] or cooked in ay way with water…” anyway.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
The water used by a baker must be poured out, because it causes leavening. While baking matzah, the baker will dip his fingers in water to keep them moist. The water bowl into which he dips his fingers must be dumped out so that the flour in it doesn’t turn into chametz. It should be dumped out somewhere where it will not gather in one place so that it doesn’t turn into chametz on the ground.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
אבל סכין ומטבילין – after it is roasted, and we don’t’ say that it nullifies its taste; alternatively, even before it is roasted, it is permitted to rub the Passover offering in fruit juice, and such is taught [in the Mishnah] “How do we roast” (Pesahim, Chapter 7, Mishnah 3), that they rubbed it/basted it in the oil of priest’s due and if there was a group of Kohanim present, they would consume it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
נחתום – he cools off his hands with them at the time that he forms the Matzah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ישפכו – in a declivity so that they will not remain gathered in one place and become leavened.
