E può decimare il suo teruma e il suo ma'aseroth a sua conoscenza [Come quando ha detto: "Tutti coloro che desiderano decima (i miei prodotti) possono venire e farlo." Ma potrebbe non dirgli di farlo, perché in tal modo lo rende il suo messaggero, e trae piacere dall'altro facendo le sue offerte], e può sacrificare per lui le offerte di uccelli di zavin, zavoth e donne che hanno partorito [Un Cohein da cui un israelita ha rinunciato al beneficio può sacrificare queste offerte per lui.], E può insegnargli medrash [Sifra e Sifrei, che è il medrash dei versi], halachoth ["halachoth a Mosè dal Sinai"] e aggadoth [le parole dei saggi, che collegavano ai versi. La ragione per cui gli è permesso insegnargli tutto questo è che non gli è permesso pagare per insegnare questi, e non ci sono "benefici", perché (semplicemente) esegue una mitzvah.], Ma non può insegnargli le Scritture . [Perché è permesso pagare per l'insegnamento della Scrittura; poiché lo prende solo per l'insegnamento della corretta cantillazione dei versetti. Dal momento che questa non è una mitzvah della Torah, è permesso pagarla e, se non la prende, si scopre che ne ha tratto beneficio. E questo vale solo in un luogo dove è consuetudine essere pagati per l'insegnamento della cantillazione; ma in un luogo dove non è consuetudine essere pagati, è anche permesso insegnargli cantillazione.] Ma può insegnare ai suoi figli e alle sue figlie la Scrittura [Anche se è una mitzvah per il padre insegnare a suo figlio, quindi che lo solleva in tal modo dal suo obbligo, questo non si chiama "beneficio", perché "i mitzvoth non sono stati dati per il" beneficio "." Ed è anche possibile che possa trovarne un altro per insegnargli gratis.], e può dar da mangiare sua moglie e i suoi figli anche se lui stesso è obbligato a dar loro da mangiare; ma non può nutrire la sua bestia, pulita o sporca. [Perché desidera che sia ingrassato e ne trae beneficio.] R. Eliezer dice: Può nutrire la bestia impura, ma non quella pulita. Gli hanno chiesto: qual è la differenza tra impuro e pulito? Ha risposto: quello pulito—la sua anima va in paradiso e il suo corpo va da lui. Quello impuro—sia la sua anima che il suo corpo vanno in paradiso. [Perché è usato per lavorare e non si preoccupa che venga ingrassato. Risposero: anche quello impuro—la sua anima va in paradiso e il suo corpo è suo; poiché, se lo desidera, può venderlo a un non ebreo [per il cibo e ricevere di più per essere stato ingrassato], oppure può dargli da mangiare ai cani.
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
ותורם תרומתו ומעשרותיו לדעתו – as, for example, that he said, all who wish to make a heave-offering should come and make the heave-offering/Terumah. But he should not tell him to make the heave-offering, for behold that makes him an agent and it is a benefit to him that he performs his agency.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
This mishnah continues to discuss what Shimon may do for Reuven who has sworn not to receive benefit from him. The first part of the mishnah discusses certain mitzvoth which might cost money. The second part deals with feeding those whom the person who cannot receive benefit has a responsibility to feed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
ומקריב לו קיני זבין וזבות – a Kohen who made a vow with an Israelite to not derive benefit from him, he can offer his sacrifices that he brings for a male with an emission and/or a female with an emission and/or [bird-offerings] for women who have given birth.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
He may donate his terumah and his tithes with his consent. If Reuven cannot receive any benefit from Shimon, Shimon may still donate Reuven’s terumah and tithes, as long as Reuven consents. This could happen in two ways. First of all, Reuven could say that anyone who wants to donate his terumah or tithes may do so. Shimon may then take of Reuven’s produce and donate it. Alternatively, Shimon may donate of his own produce as if it was Reuven’s and thereby exempt Reuven from giving terumah or tithes. Reuven may not specifically tell Shimon to donate his terumah for then Shimon would be an agent of Reuven’s, which is forbidden.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
ומלמדו מדרש – Sifra (i.e., the legal Midrash to Leviticus) and Sifrei (i.e., the legal Midrash to Numbers and/or Deuteronomy) , which is the Midrash of the the verses.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
He may offer up for him the bird sacrifices of zavim and zavoth and the bird sacrifices of women after childbirth, sin-offerings and guilt-offerings. When a person is purified from having been a zav or a zavah (some type of gonorrhea), s/he must bring bird sacrifices. Similarly, after having given birth, a woman must bring bird sacrifices. After sinning, a person must bring either a sin-offering or a guilt-offering, depending upon the sin. The mishnah teaches that if Shimon is a kohen, and Reuven cannot receive benefit from him, Shimon may still offer up his sacrifices, because kohanim are agents of God and are not considered the agents of those whose sacrifices they are offering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
הלכות – a usage dating from Moses as delivered from Sinai (i.e., a traditional law or a traditional interpretation of a written law).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
He may teach him midrash, halakhoth and aggadoth, but not Scripture, yet he may teach his sons and daughters Scripture Shimon can teach Reuven midrash (explanation of Scripture), halakhah (mishnah) and aggadah (legends) because all of these are part of the oral Torah, and teachers of the oral Torah were not paid for their teaching. Therefore, Reuven is not receiving financial benefit. However, Shimon may not teach Reuven written Torah (Scripture) without receiving pay, because people customarily were paid for this. If Shimon forgoes his pay, Reuven will have received financial benefit. However, Shimon may teach Reuven’s sons and daughters Scripture, for this is a commandment placed upon the father. Shimon’s helping Reuven fulfill a commandment is not considered financial benefit, even though in reality, Reuven is saving money. Note, that this mishnah implies that a parent is obligated to teach his child Torah, more than he is obligated to learn Torah himself.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אגדות – words of the Sages that were supported through Biblical passages. And the reason that it was permitted to teach him all of these things, is that a person is not permitted to take a salary in order to teach his fellow all these things, and there is no benefit here, for he is performing a Mitzvah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
And he may support his wife and children, even though he is liable for their maintenance. Shimon may feed Reuven’s family, even though Reuven is obligated to do so. This is because Shimon is not giving anything to Reuven.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אבל לא ילמדנו מקרא – for he is permitted to take a salary for the study of Bible for it is not other than the payment for the incisions in the Bible vers according to sense to play the Biblical verses in their appropriate manner, and it is not according to the Torah, and it is permitted to take payment for this for if he does not take payment, he ends up providing benefit for him, and if he takes [payment] it is found that he benefits. And specifically in a place where it is the practice to take payment for the Scripture, but in a place where they don’t take payment for Scripture, even Scripture is permitted to teach him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
But he may not feed his beasts, whether clean or unclean. Rabbi Eliezer says: he may feed an unclean beast of his, but not a clean one. They said to him: what is the difference between an unclean and a clean beast? He replied to them, a clean beast, its life belongs to heaven, but its body is his own; but an unclean animal its body and life belongs to heaven. They said to him: The life of an unclean beast too belongs to heaven and the body is his own for if he wishes, he can sell it to a non-Jew or feed dogs with it. There is a debate whether or not Shimon may feed Reuven’s impure (unkosher) animal. All hold that he may not feed Reuven’s clean (kosher) animal, because that is giving Reuven money which he eventually might consume. However, the unkosher animal will not be eaten. Rabbi Eliezer argues that the impure animal’s flesh, when it dies, returns to God, just as its life-force does as well. Since the flesh doesn’t belong to its Jewish owner, Shimon may feed it and it is not considered direct benefit to Reuven. The other Sages argue that since Reuven may give the animal (its meat) to a non-Jew or feed it to a dog, by feeding it Shimon would be benefiting Reuven, and it is therefore prohibited.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אבל מלמד הוא את בניו – for even though it is a Mitzvah upon the father to teach his son, and this fulfills his obligation to do so, it is not called benefit, for the Mitzvot/commandments were not given to benefit from them. But it is also possible that he would find someone else who will teach him (i.e., his son) for free.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
לא יזון את בהמתו – for it is satisfactory to him (i.e., the animal) with spices and this benefits him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
טמאה נפשה וגופה לשמים – that for work it exists and he doesn’t worry about the corpse.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
שאם ירצה מוכרה לעכו"ם – for eating and he takes the excess monies for its corpse.
