"Voti di esagerazione" [iperbole, dove lui stesso sa che non è così]: Se dicesse: "Konam, se non vedessi su questa strada quanti ne lasciarono l'Egitto", "se non vedessi un serpente come (spesso come) il raggio del frantoio ". "Voti di inconsapevolezza": se dicesse: "Konam, [questa pagnotta per me] se ho mangiato o se ho bevuto", e si ricordava che aveva mangiato o bevuto [e al momento del voto pensava di aver pensato non aveva mangiato o bevuto, non è un voto.] Se dicesse "Konam, se mangio o bevo (da te)", e ha dimenticato e mangiato o bevuto, (non è un voto) [per quando il il voto doveva essere "preso", il tempo di mangiare o bere, aveva dimenticato il voto, in modo che sia permesso. Questo deriva da giuramenti, dove è scritto (Levitico 5: 4): "un uomo con un giuramento", poiché è necessario che egli sia "un uomo" nel momento in cui il giuramento avrà effetto; cioè, che sia consapevole del giuramento. E lo stesso vale per i voti.] (Se dicesse :) "Konam, mia moglie dal trarre beneficio da me perché ha rubato la mia borsa" o "perché ha battuto mio figlio", e ha scoperto che non l'aveva rubato o battuto , [questi sono voti inconsapevoli, perché scoprire che non l'ha rubato annulla il voto retroattivamente]. Se vedeva le persone mangiare fichi e diceva: "Lascia che ti siano vietati come korban", e poi ha scoperto che loro (i mangiatori) erano suo padre e sua madre, e altri con loro—Beth Shammai dice: Loro (i suoi genitori) sono ammessi, e quelli con loro sono vietati. E Beth Hillel dice: Entrambi sono ammessi. [Poiché "un voto parzialmente annullato è interamente annullato", il voto che desidera che il voto "prenda" mentre lo giura; e poiché una parte era inconsapevole, è completamente nullo.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
נדרי הבאי – exaggeration and additional speech, but he himself knows that it was not the case.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
The first section of the mishnah illustrates vows of exaggeration and the second illustrates vows that were made in error.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
קונם אם לא ראיתי – KONAM upon me this loaf of bread if I did no see, etc. (i.e., a snake as s big as the beam of an olive press).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Vows of exaggeration: If one says, “Konam if I did not see on this road as many as departed from Egypt”; “If I did not see a snake [as thick as the] the beam of an olive press. Vows of exaggeration need not be kept, because the person did not really intend to take a vow. His only intention was to exaggerate.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
נדרי שגגות – he said, KONAM upon me this loaf of bread.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Vows in error: [If one says, “Konam,] if I ate or drank”, and then remembered that he had; “If I eat or drink” and then forgot [his vow] and ate or drank; “Konam be any benefit which my wife has from me, because she stole my purse or beat my child, and it was subsequently learnt that she had not beaten him nor stolen”; If one saw people eating [his] figs and said to them, “Let the figs be a korban to you,” and then discovered the people to be his father or his brothers. If others were with them: (1) Beth Shammai says: his father and brothers are permitted, but the rest are forbidden. (2) Beth Hillel says: all are permitted. This section teaches the important principle that vows made in error are invalid, and that a person has not broken his vow if he broke it in error. Furthermore, vows made based on false assumptions, such as that one’s wife stole something or beat one’s child, or the false presumption that people eating one’s figs should not be eating them, are also invalid. The final question in the mishnah is whether or not a vow can be half-valid, in other words valid with regard to some people and invalid with regard to others. In the case of the figs, both Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel agree that the brothers and father can eat, because the person who vowed intended to prohibit the figs only to strangers. However, Beth Shammai holds that the figs are prohibited to others who are there eating with them. Beth Hillel holds that since part of the vow isn’t valid, the whole vow is invalid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אם אכלתי אם שתיתי ונזכר שאכל ושתה – and at the time of the vow he thought that he did not eat and did not drink, it would not be a vow.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
קונם שאיני אוכלך לך ואיני שותה, ושכח ואכל ושתה – that at the time that the vow takes place which is at the time of eating and/or drinking, he forgot the vow, it is permitted/annulled, as we derive it from an oath as it is written (Leviticus 5:4): “[Or when a person uttes an oath to bad or good purpose –] whatever a man may utter in an oath – [and though he has known it, the fact has escaped him, but later he realizes his guilt in any of these matters -]” that we require that he will be a man at the time when the oath takes place upon him, meaning to say, that he will be mindful from the oath, and the same law applies with regard to a vow.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
קונם אשתי נהנית לי שגנבה את כיסו – these are vows made in error, for since it became known that she did not steal from him, it is found that there was no vow.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אלו ואלו מותרין – for a vow that was partially permitted is completely permitted, for he does not want that his vow would take place, but rather, similar to that he made the vow, and since part of it was in made inadvertently in error, all of it is nullified.
