Commento su Makkot 2:4

לְהֵיכָן גּוֹלִין, לְעָרֵי מִקְלָט. לַשָּׁלשׁ שֶׁבְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וְלַשָּׁלשׁ שֶׁבְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר לה) אֵת שְׁלשׁ הֶעָרִים תִּתְּנוּ מֵעֵבֶר לַיַּרְדֵּן וְאֵת שְׁלשׁ הֶעָרִים תִּתְּנוּ בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן וְגוֹ'. עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִבְחֲרוּ שָׁלשׁ שֶׁבְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא הָיוּ שָׁלשׁ שֶׁבְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן קוֹלְטוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם) שֵׁשׁ עָרֵי מִקְלָט תִּהְיֶינָה, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ שֶׁשְׁתָּן קוֹלְטוֹת כְּאֶחָד:

Dov'è esiliato nelle città di rifugio? Ai tre attraverso il Giordano e ai tre nel paese di Canaan, come è scritto (Numeri 35:14): "Le tre città fornirai attraverso il Giordano e le tre città fornirai nel paese di Canaan. " E fintanto che i tre di Eretz Yisrael non erano stati designati, i tre in tutta la Giordania non concedevano rifugio, essendo scritto (Ibid. 13): "Ci saranno sei città di rifugio"—devono essere tutti in grado di offrire rifugio come uno. [E anche quarantadue città dei leviti si sono rifugiate. È solo che queste sei città hanno dato rifugio a prescindere dal fatto che l'omicida vi entrasse o meno con l'intento di farlo, mentre le quarantadue città hanno concesso rifugio solo dove vi era l'intenzione, ma non altrimenti; e se il redentore del sangue lo ha ucciso lì (in assenza di tale intenzione), non è responsabile.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot

להיכן גולין לערי מקלט – and forty-two Levitical cities also all of which provide the shelter of asylum, but those six cities of refuge, whether the one who enters there is murderer with the knowledge that he will receive asylum or whether one enters without the knowledge that he will receive asylum, it provides asylum. And the forty-two cities, with the knowledge that it absorbs, for without the knowledge that it absorbs, they do not absorb, and if the blood avenger was to kill him there, he is exempt.

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English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot

To where are they banished? To the cities of refuge, to the three cities situated on the far side of the Jordan and the three cities situated in Canaan, as it says, “Three cities shall be designated beyond the Jordan, and the other three shall be designated in the land of Canaan” (Numbers 35:14).
Not until three cities were selected in the land of Israel did the [first] three cities beyond the jordan receive fugitives, as it says, “Six cities of refuge in all” (Numbers 35:13), until all six could simultaneously receive fugitives.
Mishnah four begins to discuss the refuge cities, those cities to where the accidental killer would flee.

This mishnah begins to discuss the cities of refuge to where the accidental killer would flee in order to protect himself from the blood avenger. There were three cities on one side of the Jordan river (where the country of Jordan currently exists) and three in the land of Israel. Although the land on the other side of the Jordan river was conquered first and assumedly its refuge cities were assigned before the remainder of the land was conquered, nevertheless these refuge cities were not functional until all six had been conquered and assigned.

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