Commento su Ma'aserot 1:7
הַיַּיִן, מִשֶּׁיְּקַפֶּה. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקִּפָּה, קוֹלֵט מִן הַגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה וּמִן הַצִּנּוֹר, וְשׁוֹתֶה. הַשֶּׁמֶן, מִשֶּׁיֵּרֵד לָעוּקָה. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּרַד, נוֹטֵל מִן הֶעָקָל וּמִבֵּין הַמָּמָל וּמִבֵּין הַפַּצִּים, וְנוֹתֵן לַחֲמִטָּה וְלַתַּמְחוּי, אֲבָל לֹא יִתֵּן לַקְּדֵרָה וְלַלְּפָס כְּשֶׁהֵן רוֹתְחִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לַכֹּל הוּא נוֹתֵן, חוּץ מִדָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ חֹמֶץ וְצִיר:
Vino, da quando sfiora [la feccia dalla sua superficie]. Anche se ha scremato, può raccogliere dal vinificatore superiore e dalla pipa e bere. Olio, da quando cade nella depressione. Anche se è caduto, può prendere dalla balla di polpa d'oliva e tra la pietra da frantoio e tra la tavola e metterlo sulla pastella o sul piatto, ma non può metterlo nella pentola o nella pentola quando bollono. Il rabbino Yehudah dice che può metterlo in qualsiasi cosa, ad eccezione di qualcosa che contiene aceto e salamoia.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
משיקפה (from when he skims) – when he will remove the shells of grapes (i.e., the exterior) and the pomace of grapes (i.e., the interior) that cause the wine to rise in the wine pit at the time of its foaming.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Introduction
This mishnah deals with when wine and oil become liable for tithes.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
מן הגת העליונה – for it still had not gone down into the pit.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Wine [is liable for tithes] after it has been skimmed [in the lower part of the winepress]. Even though it has been skimmed, he may take from the upper winepress, or from the duct, and drink [without taking out tithe]. The wine that is found in the lower part of the winepress must be tithed once the stuff (skins and seeds) has been skimmed off the top. However, even after the wine in the lower part of the winepress has been skimmed, he can still drink from the wine remaining in the upper parts of the winepress because its processing has not yet been completed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
ומן הצינור (and from the duct/water-pipe) – that is made at the mouth of the vat used for wine-pressing, and the wine splashes from the duct to the pit, but the wine that is in the vat used for wine pressing or in the duct are not completed in its work.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Oil [is liable for tithes] after it has gone down into the trough. But even after it has gone down into the trough he may still take oil from the pressing bale, or from the press beam, or from the boards between the press [without tithing,] Oil is liable for tithes once it has drained down into the trough, the lowest part of the olive press.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
לעוקה (trough) – an indentation/hole that is before the building containing the tank and all implements for pressing olives, that the oil goes down into it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
And he may put such oil on a cake, or large plate. Similar to the case of wine, although some of the oil has drained off into the trough, he may still take oil from other parts of the olive press and use it without tithing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
עקל (a bale of loose texture containing the olive pulp to be pressed) – a utensil made from ropes that collects the olives into it when they sweep the beam on them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
But he should not put the oil in a dish or stewpot, while they are boiling. There are certain rules as to how he can use oil that didn’t need to be tithed. He can use this oil to put on cakes and he can put it directly on a plate and eat it without tithing it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
ממל (crushing tool/press-beam) – the upper millstone that crushes the olives with it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Rabbi Judah says: he may put it into anything except that which contains vinegar or brine. However, he cannot put it into a boiling dish because anything cooked cannot be eaten without being first tithed. Cooking, which by definition is a more formal way of eating, makes things liable for tithes, and therefore he can’t put the oil into a boiling dish. It seems like the mishnah would allow him to put the oil into a dish that has already been cooked because in such a case the oil itself is not being cooked, rather it is just being consumed with cooked food.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
מבין הפצים (oil from between the boards of the press) - - oil that comes out between the boards.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Rabbi Judah holds that regular cooking, at least of oil, does not make the oil liable with tithes, and therefore he can put the oil into a boiling dish. The only thing he cannot put the oil in is a boiling dish that includes vinegar or brine, because by their sharpness these will hurry the cooking process.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
המיטה- a thin cake that and when they remove it from the oven, they customarily smooth its face with oil and it comes to tell us that it is not considered as cooked, for the fire establishes it for [its liability for] tithing and it is prohibited to eat an incidental meal from all the grain and fruit and vegetables that had been cooked by fire, but this is not considered cooking
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
וכן לתמחוי (a plate for various dishes) – it is a secondary utensil and it doesn’t cook.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
אבל לא יתן – oil for the boiling pot or the tightly covered stew-pot when they are foaming/growing hot, even though that he removed them from the flame and would eat an incidental meal, for all the while that when the hand is put into them it is immediately withdrawn (feeling the scald), it is considered like cooking and establishes it [as liable] for tithing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
לכל הוא נותן – for all the boiling pots that are boiling or the tightly covered stew-pots that are bubbling, he places [his hand] after he has removed them from the fire, it does not establish it [as liable] for tithing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
חוץ מדבר שיש בו חומץ וציר – for the sharpness of the vinegar and juice aids in cooking. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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