Commento su Kelim 9:6
הַגֶּפֶת וְהַזַּגִּין שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בְטָהֳרָה וְהָלְכוּ עֲלֵיהֶם טְמֵאִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יָצְאוּ מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין, טְהוֹרִין, שֶׁמִּתְּחִלָּתָן נַעֲשׂוּ בְטָהֳרָה. כּוּשׁ שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַצִּנּוֹרָא, מַלְמָד שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַדָּרְבָן, לְבֵנָה שֶׁבָּלְעָה אֶת הַטַּבַּעַת, וְהֵן טְהוֹרִים, נִכְנְסוּ לְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, נִטְמָאוּ. הֱסִיטָן הַזָּב, נִטְמָאוּ. נָפְלוּ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר, טִמְּאוּהוּ. נָגַע בָּהֶן כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טָהוֹר:
Se la sansa d'oliva o d'uva veniva preparata in purezza, e le persone impure le calpestavano e in seguito ne uscivano liquidi, rimangono puri, poiché erano stati originariamente preparati in condizioni di purezza. Un uncino che è stato affondato nel fuso, o la punta di ferro nel pungolo di bue, o un anello in un mattone, e tutti questi erano puri, e poi entrarono in una tenda in cui c'era un cadavere, diventarono impuri. Se uno zav [maschio che soffre di una scarica genitale anormale] li spostava, diventa impuro. Se poi cadono nello spazio aereo di un forno pulito, lo rendono impuro. Se una pagnotta di pane terumah [ricavato dalla porzione del prete, che deve rimanere ritualmente pura] entrasse in contatto con loro, rimane pura.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
והלכו עליהם טמאים – ritually impure people [walked on them].
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If olive peat or grape skins had been prepared in conditions of cleanness, and unclean persons trod upon them and afterwards liquids emerged from them, they remain clean, since they had originally been prepared in conditions of cleanness. The olives and grapes were squeezed or tread upon by people who were in a state of purity. Then unclean people tread upon the waste products the olive peat or the grape skins and then liquids emerged. Generally, liquids make things susceptible to impurity. But because the person treading upon the olive peat or grape skins did not intend to squeeze out the liquids (because he probably wanted them to remain dry), this type of liquid does not make the olive peat or grape skins susceptible to impurity. They both remain pure, and if they are put into an oven, the oven also remains pure.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טהורים – they were not defiled through their treading/walking [on them], since they were not ever called/referred to as defiled.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If a spindle hook was sunk into the spindle, or the iron point into the ox goad, or a ring into a brick, and all these were clean, and then they were brought into a tent in which was a corpse, they become unclean. The instruments in this section consist of one metal instrument sunk into another larger instrument that cannot become impure because it does not have a receptacle. If the larger item with the smaller instrument inside it are taken into a tent in which a corpse is found, the sunken metal instrument is not protected by the larger item from becoming impure. Metal instruments are not protected from impurity unless they were swallowed by a living being (animal or human).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כוש (reed used as a spindle) – a spindle that a woman spins on it and there is a curved/winding iron tool at its head and its name is צנורא /hook and sometimes the iron tool is sunk within the wood and all it is covered by the wood.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If a zav caused them to move they become unclean. A zav (person with abnormal genital discharge) who moves something causes it to be impure, even without touching it. Again, the outer vessel does not protect these instruments from becoming impure.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מלמד (ox-goad/handle – in which the iron point was driven in so that nothing could be seen of it) – a long staff and at its head is something similar to a thin nail/pin, and they direct with it the cow to its furrow/ridge, therefore, it is called מלמד בקר/it trains the cattle. But the nail/pin that is at its head is called a goad/the iron point on the staff, like (Ecclesiastes 12:11): “The sayings of the wise are like goads.”
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If they then fell into the air-space of a clean oven, they cause it to be unclean. Just as they are not protected from being defiled, so too they can defile an oven if they enter its airspace.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ולבנה שבלעה את הטבעת (the clay brick which swallowed up the ring) – that the ring was kneaded in the plaster of the brick and smelted with it in the furnace/kiln.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If a loaf of terumah came in contact with them, it remains clean. However, if a loaf of terumah bread comes into contact with them, it remains pure because it did not directly come into contact with the spindle hook, iron point or ring. It only touched the spindle, goad or brick and they were pure.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נכנסו לאוהל המת – when they are absorbed and hidden within the reed or within the ox-goad or within the brick.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נטמאו – for the tent of a corpse does not protect/save them and similarly from the hand of an earthenware vessel but rather a vessel that has an inside. But this is not similar other than a bone like the size of a barley corn that is wrapped in fibrous substance (i.e., bast of a palm tree).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הסיטן הזב (if the man with gonorrhea shook/shifted – to move it from its place) – even though he did not come in contact with them but that he overbalanced/outweighed them.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נטמאו – for the person with gonorrhea defiles through shaking an object so as to move it from place to place. Even that which is surrounded by an airtight lid defiles through shaking, all the more so this.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נגע בהן ככר של תרומה – when they are absorbed.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טהור – the loaf [is pure]. But even though it is of heave-offering and something of second-degree [of ritual uncleanness] defiles it, and even the iron that is absorbed/swallowed which is the primary source of ritual impurity we don’t say that we make the wood that covers it first [degree of ritual uncleanness] or second [degree of ritual uncleanness] and the loaf will be third [degree of ritual uncleanness] and be defiled, but it defiles the oven, and even though they are absorbed/swallowed, because the oven is defiled through its airspace and even if the defiling object did not come in contact with it, and the defilement that is absorbed from its defilement is as we explained in our chapter above (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 8, Mishnah 5).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy