Commento su Kelim 23:2
אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִשּׁוּם מֶרְכָּב, זָרֵיז הָאַשְׁקְלוֹנִי, וּמְדוֹכָה הַמָּדִית, וְעָבִיט שֶׁל גָּמָל, וְטַפֵּיטָן שֶׁל סוּס. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף טַפֵּיטָן שֶׁל סוּס טָמֵא מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעוֹמְדִין עָלָיו בַּקֻּמְפּוֹן. אֲבָל אֻכָּף שֶׁל נָאקָה, טָמֵא:
Quanto segue è suscettibile all'impurità come oggetti adatti a cavalcare: una sella ashkeloniana, una sella mediana, un cuscino di cammello e una tela di cavallo. Il rabbino Yose dice: una tela di cavallo è suscettibile all'impurità come se fosse una sedia, dato che la gente vi sta sopra nell'arena. Ma una sella di un cammello è suscettibile all'impurità [seduta].
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
זריז האשקלוני (the Ashkelonian saddle) – a wide belt in which harness/saddle the cattle. It is the Aramaic translation of (Genesis 22:3): “And he (i.e., Abraham) saddled his ass,” and he saddled it. And in Ashkelon they make it of wood, and it is called the Ashkelonian saddle on account of their place.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
Our mishnah discusses a special type of uncleanness called "merkav" which means "riding" as in riding a camel, horse or donkey. This is a type of uncleanness that only a vessel meant to be ridden upon can contract. Mishnah 1:3 made some mention of special characteristics that characterize things that are "merkav." We shall discuss this more in tomorrow's mishnah.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מדוכה המדית (a Median mortar – on the protruding handles of which the pounders ride when at work) – a mortar that is made in Median. They take a large, thick, and long piece of wood, and they hollow it out/shape a receptacle in its middle, and ride upon it from here and from there and pound it/crush it. Therefore, it has upon it the law of מרכב/riding upon it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The following are susceptible to uncleanness as objects that are fit for riding upon (: an Ashkelon donkey belt, a Medean saddle, a camel's pillow, and a horse-cloth. The Ashkelon donkey belt and Medean saddle seem to be named after the places in which they are produced. A camel's pillow is not for the camel to sleep with, but to put on the camel's back for the comfort of the rider. The horse-cloth is used to cover the horse's back and on top of it goes the saddle. All of these are meant for riding upon, but they are not directly sat upon.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עביט של גמל (the cushion on the camel’s back) – It is the Aramaic translation of the camel bearing for the first time, the cushion on the camel’s back (Genesis 31:34): “[Rachel, meanwhile, יhad taken the idols and placed them] In the camel cushion [and sat on them].”
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Rabbi Yose says: a horse-cloth is susceptible to uncleanness as a seat, since people stand on it in the arena. Rabbi Yose says that a horse-cloth is susceptible to uncleanness not because it is ridden upon but because it is stood upon when people are in the arena. If a zav stands on something that is susceptible to midras, he gives it sitting (moshav) uncleanness. We shall explain this type of uncleanness in tomorrow's mishnah.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טפיטן של סוס (horse-cloth, housing) – the saddle that is upon the horse in the language of eh Mishnah it is called טפיטן/horse-cloth, housing, and for a camel, its name is a cushion/עביט, and of a נאקה/camel it is called a saddle, each one has its name upon it. And all of them are for riding, but there are from them that sometimes they are made to sit upon them.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
But a saddle of a female camel is susceptible to [sitting] uncleanness. All agree that it is customary to sit directly upon the saddle of a female donkey. Therefore, it is susceptible to sitting uncleanness.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טפיטן של סוס טמא משום מושב – but it is not ritually impure through riding other than which is designated for riding through spreading of the feet, but it is not made for sitting at all.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בקונפון (plain for exercise and amusement – because soldiers and sports stand upon it) – a field that the kings play there, and they regularly sit on the horse-cloth/housing of the horse to see the playing of the king, therefore it is impure through sitting. קןנפון is a field, KANPO in the foreign tongue. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אבל אוכף של נאקה טמא – Maimonides explained, that it is impure through sitting. And the first Tanna/teacher said it, for he argues concerning the horse-cloth of a horse, but agrees regarding the saddle of a camel that it is ritually impure through sitting. But my teachers/Rabbis explained, but a saddle of a camel is impure through riding. But Rabbi Yossi stated that, for he agrees with the first Tanna/teacher regarding the saddle of a camel that it is not designated other than for riding.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy