Qual è la quantità (necessaria) (per un tchum eruv)? Abbastanza per due pasti per ciascuno (partecipando all'eruv) [Dal momento che acquisisce l'abitazione lì, deve mettere lì il cibo di cui ha bisogno per Shabbath.], Il suo cibo per un giorno feriale e non per Shabbath. Queste sono le parole di R. Meir. R. Yehudah dice: Per Shabbath e non per un giorno feriale. Ed entrambi (R. Meir e R. Yehudah) intendono essere indulgenti (nella loro sentenza). [R. Meir sostiene che su Shabbath si mangia di più, perché il cibo è più gustoso. E R. Yehudah sostiene che poiché a Shabbath si mangiano tre pasti, non mangia molto ad ogni pasto, quindi due pasti nei giorni feriali sono più di due pasti di Sabbath.] R. Yochanan b. B'roka dice: una pagnotta per un pundion, quattro sa'ah per un sela [cioè una pagnotta acquistata per un pundion quando quattro sa'ah di grano vengono vendute per un sela. Quattro sa'ah sono ventiquattro kavin, e una sela è ventiquattro ma'ah, che c'è un kav per ogni ma'ah. Una signora è due pundionin—così che una pagnotta venduta sul mercato per un pundion è di mezzo kav. E il negoziante ne prende metà come stipendio per cuocere e macinare, in modo che una pagnotta acquistata da un negoziante per un pundion sia un quarto di un kav, che sono sei uova, un kav che è ventiquattro uova. E questa è la quantità dei due pasti (richiesti) per l'eruv secondo R. Yochanan b. B'roka. L'halachah è in accordo con lui.] R. Shimon dice: Due terzi di una pagnotta di tre a un kav. [Riduce la quantità, dicendo che i due terzi di una pagnotta di tre pagnotte a un kav sono sufficienti per un eruv. Una pagnotta intera di otto uova è un terzo di un kav. Due terzi di quello— cinque e un terzo uova —sono due pasti.] Mezzo per una casa con un punto di peste. [Questa è una Mishnah anonima e deve essere intesa così: la metà di una pagnotta completa, secondo la stima di entrambi (R. Yochanan b. B'roka e R. Shimon) è l'importo per (il criterio di) "costante "in una casa con un punto di peste. Per chi entra in una casa con un punto di peste lebbroso, anche se diventa immediatamente impuro, non è tenuto a lavarsi i vestiti finché non si "abita" abbastanza a lungo da mangiare, "abbastanza a lungo da mangiare" essendo inteso come abbastanza a lungo da mangiare mezza pagnotta. Secondo R. Yochanan b. B'roka, che dice che un'intera pagnotta è un quarto di un kav, che è sei uova, metà delle quali, tre uova, è la "pras" (mezza pagnotta) in tutto il Talmud. E secondo R. Shimon, che afferma che un'intera pagnotta è un terzo di un kav, che è di otto uova, metà delle quali, quattro uova, è il "pras" di tutto il Talmud. E anche se R. Shimon sostiene che un'intera pagnotta contiene tre pasti (due terzi di una pagnotta che costituiscono due pasti secondo R. Shimon), vale a dire rispetto a Eruv, dove l'intenzione doveva essere clemente, quindi due pieni i pasti non erano richiesti. Ma in tutti gli altri posti R. Shimon sostiene che un pasto non è meno di mezza pagnotta di un terzo di un kav, il consumo di questa mezza pagnotta, quattro uova, essendo il criterio.] Metà della metà per rendere il corpo non idonei. [Se si mangia mezzo pras di cibi impuri, il suo corpo diventa impuro per ordinanza rabbinica nei confronti del consumo di teruma. E mezzo pras è un uovo e mezzo secondo R. Yochanan b. B'roka e due uova secondo R. Shimon.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מזון שתי סעודות לכל אחד – because he acquires his Sabbath camp/place to be the center of Sabbath movements there, he needs to leave there some food that he needs for Shabbat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah discusses the minimum measure of food which is need for a Shabbat border eruv.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אלו ואלו מתכוונים להקל – Rabbi Meir holds that on Shabbat a person eats more because it is the basis of his cooking (which is why he preferred as his standard the food that he consumes on a weekday). But Rabbi Yehuda holds that since on Shabbat he eats three meals, he doesn’t eat a great deal at each meal, but the two meals of a weekday is more than two meals of the Sabbath [day].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
What is the minimum measure [for Shabbat border eruvin]? Food for two meals for each person, for weekdays and not for Shabbat, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: for Shabbat and not for weekdays. And both intended to give a leniency. According to Rabbi Meir, the eruv must consist of enough food for two weekday meals. Rabbi Judah says the food should be enough for Shabbat meals and not weekday meals. Seemingly we would think that a person eats more on Shabbat than during the week, so Rabbi Judah would be stricter than Rabbi Meir. However, the mishnah says that both intended to be lenient. In order to understand this, we need to explain that the eruv’s minimum measurement was set according to the amount of bread eaten at a typical meal. According to Rabbi Meir, on Shabbat one eats a lot of different types of food and a lot of bread to accompany the food. Therefore, on Shabbat one eats more, and the minimum amount of food for the eruv is set according to the bread eaten during the week, a lesser amount. According to Rabbi Judah, since on Shabbat there are many side dishes a person eats less bread than he would during the week when there are less side dishes. Therefore, Rabbi Judah sets the minimum amount of bread for the eruv according to what one eats on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ככר בפונדיון – a loaf that is purchased for a Pundiyon (equal to 16 perutot/pennies or 2 Issar) – when they sell four S’ah of wheat to a Sela, and four S’ah are twenty-four Kabin, and the Sela is twenty-four M’ah, it is found that it is a Kab for each M’ah and the M’ah is two Pundiyon, behold that a loaf that is sold in the marketplace for a Pundiyon which is one-half of a Kab, and the storekeeper buys half for the cost of the baking and the milling, it is found that the loaf that is purchased from the storekeeper for a Pundiyon is one-quarter of a Kab which is six eggs, for the Kab is twenty-four eggs in volume, and they are the measurement of two meals of the Eruv according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Berokah. And the Halakha is according to him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka says: not less than a loaf that is purchased for a pondium when the price of wheat is four se’ah for a sela. Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka gives a minimum amount of bread that must be used for the eruv. This amount of bread is what is sufficient for two meals. It is the size of a loaf that can be bought for one pundion (a coin) when 4 se’ah (24 kav, a measure of volume) of wheat are sold for a sela (a coin worth 48 pundion). If we do the math, we can see that a kav of wheat is bought for two pundionim, meaning that one pundion will buy half a kav of wheat, which according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka is sufficient for two meals.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
רבי שמעון – [he] reduces the requisite measure and states that it is enough to make an Eruv with two-thirds of a loaf of the size of three loaves to the Kab. And a complete loaf [of bread] of eight eggs is one-third of a Kab. But two-thirds of it which are five eggs and more (i.e., one-third) is for two meals.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Shimon says: two thirds of a loaf, when three [loaves] are made from a kav [of wheat]. Half of this loaf is the size prescribed for a leprous house, and half of its half is the size that disqualifies one’s body [from eating terumah]. According to Rabbi Shimon, two meals are equivalent to two-thirds of a loaf when three loaves are made from a kav of wheat. A loaf is therefore 1/3 of a kav and 2/3 of a loaf is two meals. This is a smaller amount than that set by Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka. Rabbi Shimon now mentions two other halakhot which are connected to the size of a loaf of bread he mentioned above. Half of this loaf, meaning 1/6 of a kav is related to the laws of an infected (leprous house). One who stays in the house long enough to eat a loaf of bread of this size is impure. Half of this, meaning 1/12 of a kav is relevant to disqualifying someone from eating terumah. This means that a person who eats 1/12 of a kav of impure food cannot eat terumah until he immerses in a mikveh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
חציה לבית המנוגע – this [section] is an anonymous Mishnah, and this is what he said: Half of a full loaf [of bread] that they estimated/measured whether according to the one (Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka) or the other (Rabbi Shimon), is the measurement for a delay/pause in a leprous house, for a person who enters into a house where there is within it the plague of leprosy, even though becomes immediately ritually defiled, he does not require the washing of his clothes until he waits in order to eat, and this half-loaf [of bread] is in order that he can eat. But for Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka who stated that a full loaf which is a quarter of a Kab – being the volume of six eggs, it is found that half of that is three eggs, and it this is a piece/certain quantity of bread [or half a loaf] (see Tractate Negaim, Chapter 13, Mishnah 9), that is in the entire Talmud. But for Rabbi Shimon who stated that a full loaf [of bread] is one-third of a Kab, which is eight eggs, that half is four eggs, and this is a piece of bread/half a loaf in all of the Talmud according to Rabbi Shimon. But even though that Rabbi Shimon holds that in a full loaf [of bread] are three meals, for the two-thirds that Rabbi Shimon mentions – is for two meals, these words concern an Eruv that they intended for it, to be lenient, and there is no need for two complete meals. But in all the rest of the places, Rabbi Shimon thinks that a meal is not less than one-half of a loaf of one-third of a Kab, and we require that he wait/delay [the time it takes] in order that he can eat this half-loaf which is four eggs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
חצי חציה לפסול את הגויה – that the person who consumes impure foods equivalent to one-half of a piece of bread, his body is defiled according to the Rabbis from eating heave-offering/Terumah (if he is a Kohen). And half of a piece of bread is an egg-and-a-half [in volume] according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka and two eggs [in volume] according to Rabbi Shimon.
