Se uno ha benedetto il vino prima del pasto, esonera (dalla benedizione) il vino dopo il pasto. [Questo vale per i sabati e le feste, quando il pasto viene "nominato" sul vino dopo il pasto. Ma in altri giorni, quando tale "appuntamento" non si ottiene, il vino prima del pasto non esenta il vino dopo. Ogni "dopo il pasto" nella nostra Mishnah significa che dopo aver finito con il pane, prima di recitare la grazia.] Se ha benedetto il parpereth prima del pasto, esonera il parpereth dopo il pasto. [Parpereth è tutto ciò che accompagna il pane, come carne, uova e pesce. A volte portavano il parperaoth prima del pasto per stuzzicare l'appetito, e di nuovo, dopo il pasto, dopo aver finito con il pane.] La benedizione sul pane esonera il parpereth. La benedizione per il parpereth non esenta il pane. Beth Shammai dice: Inoltre non esenta ciò che proviene dalla pentola [come granaglie, frutta, grano verde e farina cotta in acqua, come frittelle e simili. E ci sono alcuni che capiscono il "parpereth" della nostra Mishnah come pagnotta indurita in un piatto, che non ha l'aspetto del pane, per cui la benedizione è borei minei mezonoth. Questo spiega la necessità di "La benedizione per il parpereth non esenta quella per il pane"—anche se anche il parpereth è una specie di pane. Ma esenta "ciò che viene dal piatto". E Beth Shammai sostiene che proprio come la benedizione per il parpereth non esenta il pane, così non esenta ciò che viene dalla pentola. L'halachah non è conforme a Beth Shammai.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
פטר את היין שלאחר המזון – These words [refer to] Sabbaths and Holy Days where it is customary to impart the character of an appointed meal (Sabbath or Holy Day) on the wine after the meal when reciting the blessing on the wine prior to the [start of the] meal, with the assumption that he has already recited the blessing, but on other days where it is not customary to impart the character of an appointed meal through wine after the meal, the blessing on the wine prior to [the start of] the meal does not exempt one [from being required] to recite a blessing after the meal. And every [expression] of “after the meal” as taught in this Tractate is after one has removed their hands from the bread prior to their recitation of the Blessing after the Meal/ברכת המזון.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Introduction
This mishnah begins to deal with the idea that one can recite a blessing over one piece of food and have that blessing count for other foods as well. Today it is customary to begin every traditional meal with bread, whose blessing exempts the other foods eaten during the meal. This does not seem to have been the custom in the time of the Mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
פרפרת – Everything that serves as a relish for bread such as meat, or eggs or fish is called appetizer/פרפרת; and sometimes they would bring appetizers before the meal/main course, in order to continue the eating and then they once again bring other "פרפרות" after the meal/]dessert] after they have withdrawn their hands from the bread.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
If he blessed over the wine before the meal he has exempted the wine after the meal. Wine seems to have been drunk before the meal and after the meal but not usually during the meal. One who blesses over the wine at the beginning of the meal need not recite another blessing over the wine at the end of the meal.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
מעשה קדרה – Such as flat cakes and grist of early ripened and tender barley which are boiled in water such as pancakes and other similar things. And there are those who explain the word “פרפרת” of our Mishnah as shrunken pieces of bread (soaked) in a bowl which does not appear to look like bread, and on which (when we consume it), we recite the blessing on it, “בורא מיני מזונות/Who Creates various kinds of foods.” And now, it is appropriate that we should teach, “If one has made the blessing on the appetizer, one is not exempt from reciting the blessing on the bread,” even though it also is a form of bread. But something that has been made in a pot exempts us [from reciting the blessing on the bread]. And the School of Shammai holds that just as if we made a blessing on the appetizer, we are not exempt from [reciting the blessing on] the bread, similarly, we are exempt by something made in a pot. And the Halakha does not follow the School of Shammai.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
If he blessed over the appetizer ( before the meal, he has exempted the dessert ( after the meal. The word in Hebrew for appetizer and for dessert is the same. One who blesses over an appetizer that comes before the meal has exempted a similar type of food that would come after the meal. According to most commentators, this refers to a situation where he didn’t eat bread, because if he ate bread he need not bless in any case over the parperet, as we shall in the next section.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
If he blessed over the bread he has exempted the appetizer/dessert (, but if he blessed over the appetizer/dessert ( he has not exempted the bread. Bet Shammai say: [he has not even exempted] a cooked [grain] dish. In this section the word parperet can refer either to the appetizer or the dessert. In either case, the bread is considered to be more essential than the parperet and therefore one who has already blessed over the bread need not recite the blessing over the parperet. However, if he recited the blessing over the parperet, the less central food item, he is still obligated to recite the blessing over the bread. Bet Shammai equates a cooked dish made with grains with the bread. If one blessed over the parperet he must still bless over the cooked dish.
