Talmud sur Makhshirin 2:10

הַמּוֹצֵא פֵרוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ, אִם רֹב מַכְנִיסִין לְבָתֵּיהֶן, פָּטוּר. וְלִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, חַיָּב. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, דְּמַאי. אוֹצָר שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְנָכְרִים מַטִּילִין לְתוֹכוֹ, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, וַדַּאי. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, דְּמַאי. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, וַדַּאי, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֲפִלּוּ כֻלָּם נָכְרִים וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶחָד מַטִּיל לְתוֹכוֹ, דְּמַאי:

[Si] on trouve des fruits sur la route: Si la plupart [des fermiers] les apportent normalement dans leurs maisons, ils sont exemptés [de Ma'aser et de Terumah ]; et [si la plupart des agriculteurs l'apportent] pour le vendre sur le marché, il est responsable [de Ma'aser et Terumah ]. [Si] c'est moitié-moitié, c'est Demai [produit dont on ne sait pas si la dîme a déjà été prélevée]. [S'il y a un entrepôt] dans lequel les Juifs et les Gentils déposent [leurs produits]: Si la majorité [des individus] sont des gentils [le produit] est certain [ Tevel - produits dont les dîmes et les dons sacerdotaux n'ont pas encore été prélevés] ; et si la majorité sont juifs, c'est Demai . [Si] c'est moitié-moitié c'est certain [ Tevel ], ce sont les paroles de Rabbi Meir. Mais les Sages disent: même si tous sont des Gentils et qu'un Juif y a déposé [produit] - c'est Démaï .

Jerusalem Talmud Demai

A baraita¹⁹Tosephta Demay 1:1: “The easy ones for demay,shitin, lotus fruit, and the fruit of the service tree, may be trusted everywhere to be free (from obligation of tithes), but if they are kept in storage they are obligated.” disagrees with Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: “If they were kept in storage they are obligated.” Did they not essentially come from abandoned property? He explains it, if most people keep them in storage²⁰At such a place, nobody abandons the fruits and they are not free from tithes.. Come and see, if most people keep them in storage, it is everybody’s opinion²¹Both R. Joḥanan and R. Simeon ben Laqish. that they are obligated, be it demay or certain. If most people do not keep them in storage, it is everybody’s opinion that they are free, be it demay or certain. Half and half you cannot consider²²This would be the only practical point of difference between R. Joḥanan, who frees the fruits from tithes, and R. Simeon ben Laqish, who submits them to tithes. since we have stated²³Mishnah Makhshirin 2:10: “If someone finds produce on the road, if most people store it in their houses, it is free” (since, then, everybody must give heave and tithes at his barn and the few things lost on the road are included,) “if most people transport it to sell on the market, it is obligated” (since the seller may nibble from it occasionally without tithes and the future buyer, who has no relationship to the harvester, is obligated for tithes,) “half and half is demay.” Hence, there seems to be no way to relax the standard for a fifty-fifty doubt.: “Half and half is demay.” Rebbi Zeïra said, not only the easy ones for demay but even demay itself²⁴The Mishnah Makhshirin does not deal with our case, but with commercial produce; hence, it has no implications here and we may reduce the difference between R. Joḥanan and R. Simeon ben Laqish to this particular case..

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