Talmud sur Kéilim 27:4
הַמְקַצֵּעַ מִכֻּלָּם טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח, טָמֵא. מִשּׁוּלֵי הַקֻּפָּה טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח, טָמֵא. מִצְּדָדֵי הַקֻּפָּה, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַמְקַצֵּעַ טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח בְּכָל מָקוֹם, טָמֵא:
Si l'on coupe [un morceau de] une largeur de main carrée de chacun de ces [matériaux, puis les façonne en une seule pièce], il est [susceptible d'être rendu] impur. Si [on coupe un morceau qui est] à une largeur de main carrée du fond d'un panier, il est [susceptible d'être rendu] impur. Si des côtés d'un panier, Rabbi Shimon le considère pur, et les Sages disent: si l'on coupe une largeur de main carrée de n'importe où, elle est [susceptible d'être rendue] impure.
Jerusalem Talmud Beitzah
HALAKHAH: So is the Mishnah: Because it needs the shoe-maker’s form267Blackening a shoe is not really professional work; it can be done by everybody, but it needs professional tools. Babli 15a.. Is the Mishnah Rebbi Eliezer’s? As we have stated there268Mishnah Kelim 26:4., “the shoe on the shoe-maker’s last, Rebbi Eliezer declares pure but the Sages declare impure269In this context, “pure” means “impervious to impurity”, “impure” means “possibly impure”. For R. Eliezer a shoe still on the last is not an implement, therefore it does not fall under any of the categories of things that may become impure. For the Sages, the moment the shoe is fully sewn and may be worn immediately after being removed from the last, it is a shoe and therefore subject to impurity. Babli Šabbat 141b..” It is the opinion of everybody. It is different here since he is like finishing an implement on the holiday270In the case of the Mishnah, while a person may be embarrassed when wearing a shoe with leather in its natural color, the shoe is not less wearable than a regularly dyed one. Therefore blackening the shoe is not really “hitting with a hammer”, the biblically prohibited action on the Sabbath and holidays of turning a work-piece into an implement, but it looks like it and therefore must be rabbinically forbidden.. It was stated271Since on the intermediate days one may prepare clothing for immediate use.: One does not dismantle a shoe from the last on the holiday, but one dismantles a shoe from the last on the intermediate days of the holiday271Since on the intermediate days one may prepare clothing for immediate use..
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