Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud sur Berakhot 4:3

רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בְּכָל יוֹם מִתְפַּלֵּל אָדָם שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, מֵעֵין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אִם שְׁגוּרָה תְפִלָּתוֹ בְּפִיו, יִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. וְאִם לָאו, מֵעֵין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה:

R. Gamliel dit: On récite dix-huit bénédictions (shemoneh esreh) chaque jour. R. Yehoshua dit: Ce qui s'apparente à dix-huit bénédictions. [Dans le gemara, certains expliquent qu'il récite chacune des bénédictions du milieu en bref et conclut par la bénédiction pour chacune; et d'autres, qu'il dit: "Fais-nous, ô Éternel notre D.ieu, connaître tes voies" (havineinu), qui est une bénédiction incarnant toutes les bénédictions du milieu du shemoneh esreh, et il conclut: "Béni sois-tu , O L-rd, qui écoute la prière. "] R. Akiva dit: Si cela (le shemoneh esreh) est" habituel "dans sa bouche, [s'il est" enseigné "et qu'il parle couramment], il récite shemoneh esreh ; sinon, il récite ce qui y ressemble. [Et la halakha est selon R. Akiva, que si quelqu'un ne parle pas couramment, ou est pressé, il récite les trois premières bénédictions et la dernière, et "Havineinu," au milieu, Havineinu incarnant tous les bénédictions moyennes (à l'exception de la saison des pluies, quand il ne récite pas Havineinu, il lui est nécessaire de réciter la demande de pluie dans la bénédiction des années; et à l'exception de la conclusion des sabbats et des fêtes, quand il doit réciter havdalah dans chonen hada'ath.]

Jerusalem Talmud Taanit

HALAKHAH: 194*This Halakhah and the next are repeated in Megillah 1:5 (מ). The Mishnah is Rebbi Meïr’s, since Rebbi Meïr said, “not to eulogize” one is forbidden to fast, “not to fast” one is permitted to eulogize195“To eulogize”, to eulogize a deceased person either on his funeral or on a formal occasion in his remembrance. Both are incompatible with a holiday spirit. In the Babli, the attribution to R. Meïr is affirmed in Roš Haššanah and denied in Ta`anit 18a.. “Not to” unspecified196A day mentioned in the Scroll without indication of any restriction. is as “not to fast.” Rebbi Jonah said, “these are the days not to eulogize <fast> on them, and partially not to fast <eulogize> on them.197The introductory statement to Megillat Ta`anit. All sources of Megillat Ta`anit support the version in Megillah, here given in <braces>, that days of fast are fewer than days of no eulogies.” Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel said, why does it say “on them” twice? To teach that the night is permitted but the day forbidden198No restrictions apply to the night of the day mentioned in the Scroll.. As it was stated199Megillat Ta`anit, end of Month of Adar., “therefore a person who takes it on himself has to forbid himself in prayer.” Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, that he must mention it on the preceding evening200If a person intends to fast on a day where this is prohibited by Megillat Ta`anit, he has to start in the evening and mention his fast in the prayer. Then he has to fast as a vow which is a biblical obligation which cannot be annulled by rabbinical festive days.. This comes following what Rebbi Ze`ira said in the name of Rav Huna: Similar to Friday night and Sabbath day.
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