נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַסֻּכָּה. קָטָן שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְאִמּוֹ, חַיָּב בַּסֻּכָּה. מַעֲשֶׂה וְיָלְדָה כַלָּתוֹ שֶׁל שַׁמַּאי הַזָּקֵן וּפִחֵת אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה וְסִכֵּךְ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּטָּה בִּשְׁבִיל הַקָּטָן:
Les femmes, les esclaves et les mineurs sont exemptés de la (mitsva de) souccah, [il est écrit (Lévitique 23:42): "Tout citoyen en Israël s'assiéra en succoth" —d'exclure les femmes qui, même si elles sont obligées de manger de la matsa la première nuit de Pessa'h, ne sont pas obligées de (la mitsva de) souccah la première nuit du festival.] Un mineur qui n'a pas besoin de sa mère est obligé dans (la mitsva de) succah. [S'il se réveille de son sommeil et n'appelle pas «Mère, Mère», il est considéré comme «n'ayant pas besoin de sa mère», et la mitsva le lie; sinon, il est exempté. C'est la halakha. Et ce n'est le cas que s'il continue d'appeler sa mère et ne s'arrête pas avant qu'elle ne vienne. Mais s'il appelle une fois puis s'arrête, il n'est pas considéré comme "ayant besoin de sa mère."] Une fois, lorsque la belle-fille de Shammai l'aîné a accouché, il a creusé une partie du plafond et placé du schach sur le lit. au nom de l'enfant.
Tosefta Chagigah
A minor that no longer needs [the help of] his mother is liable in [building a] sukkah. A minor that needs his mother may go out by means of his mother's eiruv (Ket. 65b:9), and if he does not need his mother, they make an eiruv of two meals for the joining of the Shabbat boundaries. [If] he knows how to shake, he is liable in [the commandment of shaking the] lulav. [If] he knows how to dress himself, he is liable in [the commandment of donning] tzitzit. [If] he knows how to talk, his father teaches him the Shema and the Torah and the holy tongue, and if not, it would have been preferable for him not to come into this world. [If] he knows how to take care of tefillin, his father buys him tefillin. How so? We examine him, we immerse him, and we give him chullin [which he is told] to treat as terumah. [If] he knows how to take care of his body, we may eat foods that have touched his body. [If he is a Kohen and] he knows how to spread his hands [in the manner of the priestly blessing], we give him a portion [of the terumah] from the threshing floor. [If] he possesses the intelligence to be questioned about a case involving doubt, in the private domain [the ruling is] "impure," and in the public domain [the ruling is] "pure" (see Sifrei Bamidbar 8). [If] he knows how to slaughter, his slaughter is valid. [If] he can eat an olive's worth of grain, we remove ourselves four amot from his excrement and urine. [If] he can eat an olive's worth of meat, we slaughter on his behalf the Passover offering. Rabbi Yehuda says, we never slaughter the Passover offering on his behalf unless he knows how to distinguish food. They said to him, what is meant by "distinguish food"? [He said to them,] anyone to whom we give an egg and he keeps it, [and we we give him] a stone and he throws it.
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