Les Israélites, Cohanim et le prêtre oint (c'est-à-dire le grand prêtre) [sont expiés par l'enfant renvoyé pour les autres transgressions (voir ci-dessus), il n'y a aucune différence entre eux.] C'est juste que le sang du taureau expie les Cohanim pour la profanation du sanctuaire et de ses objets sanctifiés. [c'est-à-dire, tout ce que l'enfant intérieur (de Yom Kippour) expie au nom des Israélites, c'est-à-dire, suspendre le jugement pour les Israélites là où il y a conscience au début mais pas à la fin, et souiller délibérément le sanctuaire et ses objets— De même, tout ce que l'enfant extérieur expie (au nom des Israélites) —le taureau du grand prêtre sacrifié à Yom Kippour expie pour le compte des Cohanim.] R. Shimon dit: Tout comme le sang de l'enfant présenté à l'intérieur expie pour Israël, ainsi, le sang du taureau expie pour Cohanim. De même que la confession sur l'enfant envoyé expie Israël, la confession sur le taureau expie pour les Cohanim. [c'est-à-dire, vous admettez que le sang de l'enfant intérieur expie Israël sans confession, il n'y a pas de confession sur l'enfant intérieur, mais sur l'enfant renvoyé— ainsi le sang du taureau expie les Cohanim, sans aucune confession, pour la souillure du sanctuaire et de ses objets, laissant la confession sur le taureau (au lieu de la confession sur le gamin envoyé) pour expier au nom des Cohanim pour les autres transgressions, et ils n'ont pas d'expiation par le gamin renvoyé.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
אחד ישראל ואחד כהנים – this is what he said: [It effects atonement all the same] whether one is an Israelite or whether one is a Kohen or whether one is an anointed priest, the goat that is sent away atones in the rest of the sins and there is no distinction between them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Introduction
Mishnah seven discusses differences between the atonement of Israelites and the atonement of priests.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
אלא שדם הפר מכפר על הכהנים על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו – all that the inner goat expiates for the Jewish people (i.e., non-Kohanim), meaning/it is identical with the suspense/doubt of the Israelites depend upon an awareness [of sin] at the beginning but there isn’t awareness at the end, and willful defilement of the Sanctuary and its Holy Things, and similarly the atonement of the outer goat, the bullock of the High Priest that is sacrificed on Yom Kippur which atones for the Kohanim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
[The scapegoat] brings atonement to Israelites, priests, and the anointed high priest alike. What [then] is the difference between Israelites, priests, and the anointed high priest? [None], save that the bullock [offered on the Day of Atonement] brings atonement to the priests for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food. The scapegoat mentioned in the previous mishnah atones for the transgression of all of the members of Israel, including the priests. The one difference between priests and regular Israelites is that priests are atoned for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food by the sacrificial bullock, brought on Yom Kippur. This is learned from Leviticus 16:11, “Aaron shall then offer his bull of sin offering, to make expiation for himself and his household.” “His household” refers to all of the priesthood. However, except for this difference, there is not difference in the atonement process for priests and Israelites.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Rabbi Shimon says: “Just as the blood of the goat that is offered within [the Holy of Holies] brings atonement for Israelites, so the blood of the bullock [offered on the Day of Atonement] brings atonement for priests; and just as the confession of sins pronounced over the scapegoat brings atonement for Israelites, so the confession pronounced over the bullock brings atonement for priests. Rabbi Shimon disagrees with the opinion in the previous mishnah. H learns this by means of an analogy. Israelites receive atonement for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food by the sprinkling of the blood of the inner goat, without the confessional recited on the scapegoat. So too do priests receive atonement for transgressions of the laws of impurity in connection with the temple and holy food by the means of the blood of the sacrificial bullock without the confessional mentioned Leviticus 16:11. Therefore, we must ask, for what sin does the confessional bring atonement? According to Rabbi Shimon the confessional over the bullock acts for priests the same way that the confessional over the scapegoat acts for Israelites. Just as the confessional over the scapegoat brings atonement for all sins for Israelites, so too the confessional over the bullock brings atonement for all sins for priests. This is the disagreement between Rabbi Shimon and the opinion in section one: according to Rabbi Shimon priests receive atonement for most of their sins by the confession over the bullock, while according to the other Sages they receive atonement the same way other Israelites do, by the confession over the scapegoat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
רבי שמעון אומר כשם – that you admit regarding the blood of the inner goat that atones for the Israelites, an expiation without confession, for there is no confession regarding the inner goat, other than the goat which is sent away, so too, the blood of the bullock without any confession atones for the Kohanim on their defilement of the Sanctuary and its Holy Things, one adds for him his confessions of the bullock in place of the confession of the goat that is sent away to expiate for the Kohanim with the rest of the sins, for they have no atonement with the goat that is sent away.
