Un homme peut demander à son voisin (le jour de Shabbath) des cruches de vin et des pichets d'huile, tant qu'il ne dit pas: «Prêtez-moi». [Car "un prêt" signifie "pendant une longue période", et il est décidé qu'un "prêt", sans réserve, est pour trente jours—afin que le prêteur vienne écrire dans son livre de comptes (le jour du sabbat): «J'ai prêté à cet homme ceci et cela», afin qu'il n'oublie pas.] De même, une femme (peut demander) des pains à son prochain. Et s'il ne lui fait pas confiance, il laisse son manteau avec lui et il fait un compte avec lui après Shabbath. De même, la veille de Pessa'h à Jérusalem qui tombe le Shabbath, il laisse son manteau avec lui [s'il ne lui fait pas confiance] et il prend son offrande de Pessa'h [et la dédie le Shabbath, car des obligations temporelles peuvent être consacrées le Shabbath .], et il fait une comptabilité avec lui après le festival.
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שואל. ובלבד שלא יאמר הלוני – for it implies a loan for a long time and we hold that an undefined loan is for thirty days; therefore the lender comes to write on his writing tablet/merchant’s account book that I have loaned such-and-such to so-and-so in order that he would not forget it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah discusses borrowing food items on Shabbat with the intent of paying the person back after Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מניח טליתו אצלו – if he (i.e., the lender) doesn’t believe him (i.e., the borrower) and he takes it and dedicates it as Temple property on the Sabbath for [loan[ obligations that have a fixed time [for return] one can dedicate [them] on the Sabbath (though we learn in Tractate Arakhin, Chapter 7, Mishnah 5, that one does not dedicate to the Temple something that is not his).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
A man may borrow pitchers of wine and pitchers of oil from his neighbor, provided he does not say to him, “lend [them] to me”; It is permitted for a person to borrow things from another person on Shabbat as long as he doesn’t say “lend to me.” There are actually two words in Hebrew for “lend” one which implies money or something that will be paid back, and the other which implies returning the object itself. Using the first verb sounds too much like doing business and it is therefore prohibited on Shabbat. This is the verb in our mishnah. However, the second verb is not problematic. For instance, if the borrowed object was a book which itself will be returned, there is no problem.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
And similarly a woman [may borrow] loaves from her neighbor. Just as a man may ask his neighbor to borrow pitchers of wine and oil, so too a woman may ask her neighbor to borrow loaves of bread.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If he does not trust him he may leave his cloak with him [as a pledge] and squares up with him after Shabbat. The mishnah now provides a means by which the lender may guarantee that he receives compensation for his loan. The borrower cannot merely pay the lender, nor can they write down an amount or even state how much is owed. What they can do is have the borrower leave his cloak with the lender as a pledge. After Shabbat they can square up and the borrower can pay the lender back.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Similarly, if the eve of Passover in Jerusalem falls on Shabbat, he may leave his cloak with him [the vendor] and take his paschal lamb and squares up with him after the festival. This section deals with a situation where a person had not bought his pesach sacrifice (the paschal lamb) before Shabbat which fell the day before Pesach. He may do what the person in section one did to buy wine and oil he leaves his cloak with the merchant selling lambs, buys his lamb and then on Monday he can settle up how much he owes.
