Le tamid (l'holocauste perpétuel) est abattu huit heures et demie (après le lever du soleil) et sacrifié à neuf heures et demie. La veille de Pessa'h, il est abattu à sept ans et demi et sacrifié à huit ans et demi, à la fois un jour de semaine et le Shabbath. [Le tamid de l'après-midi est abattu tous les jours de l'année (à l'exclusion de Pessa'h) huit heures et demie (après le lever du soleil). Car le temps de l'abattage du tamid est celui où les ombres du soir commencent à tomber; c'est-à-dire à partir de six heures et demie, lorsque le soleil s'incline vers l'ouest. Entre six et sept, il se tient au milieu du ciel et ne projette aucune ombre, mais l'ombre de chaque homme est "sous" lui. Et son abattage est retardé de deux heures après son heure à cause des vœux et des offrandes de cadeaux, il est écrit (Lévitique 6: 5): "Et il fera fumer dessus les graisses des offrandes de paix, afin que rien ne vienne après le tamid de l'après-midi. Et même le Shabbath, lorsque les vœux et les offrandes de cadeaux ne sont pas sacrifiés, le moment de l'abattage du tamid de l'après-midi est retardé par souci d'uniformité avec les vœux et les offrandes de cadeaux de la semaine. Et la veille de Pessa'h, lorsque l'offrande de Pessa'h est sacrifiée après le tamid de l'après-midi, elle est avancée d'une heure et abattue à sept heures et demie.] Si la veille de Pessa'h tombe la veille du sabbat, elle est abattue à six heures et demie, [car il y a aussi la torréfaction de Pessa'h, qui ne prévaut pas sur Shabbath et qui doit être fait pendant qu'il est encore jour. Le massacre du tamid est donc avancé à six ans et demi], et il est sacrifié à sept heures et demie [La fin de le sacrifice est à sept ans et demi, une heure étant nécessaire pour son p rocessing], et Pessa'h (est massacrée) après elle.
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
תמיד נשחט – the daily whole offering made at the time between the beginning of the decline of the sun and sunset (i.e., afternoon) is slaughtered all the rest of the days of the year at the eighth and one-half hour [of the day] (=2:30 pm). For the time of the slaughter of the daily whole offering is from when the shadows of the evening decline which is from six and one-half hours (=12:30 pm) as the sun declines to the west, as for half of the sixth and half of the seventh [hours], it (i.e., the sun) stands in the middle of the firmament. And the shadow does not decline other than the shadow of each person underneath it. And we make the slaughter [of the sacrifice] later by two hours after its time because of the vows and donations for it is impossible to offer them after the daily whole offering of the afternoon, as it is written (Leviticus 6:5): “and turn into smoke the fat parts of the offerings of well-being.” On the daily whole offering of the morning, he completed all the sacrifices entirely, so that there should not be anything later than the daily whole offering of the afternoon. And even on Shabbat where we do not offer vows and donations, we make the time of the slaughtering of the daily offering later because of the habit of vows and donations of the weekday. And on the Eve of Passover, when the Passover offering is made after the daily whole offering of the afternoon is sacrificed, we advance it one hour and do it at seven and one-half hours (=1:30 pm).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
The following four chapters of mishnah deal with the Pesah sacrifice and discuss how it was offered in Jerusalem. Our mishnah deals with the afternoon tamid (daily) offering. Every day there were two tamid offerings, one in the morning and one in the afternoon (Numbers 28:3-4; Exodus 29:39). Usually the afternoon tamid was the last offering of the day. The one exception was the Pesah sacrifice which was offered after the tamid. Our mishnah comes to teach that normally the tamid was sacrificed later in the afternoon, but on the eve of Pesah they would sacrifice the tamid earlier in order to leave more time to sacrifice the Pesah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
חל להיות בע"ש – for there is also the roasting of the Passover sacrifice that does not override the Sabbath, and one must roast it while it is still daylight, we advance it establish it according to the law that it would be slaughtered at six and one-half hours (=12:30 pm).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
The [afternoon] tamid is slaughtered at eight and a half hours and is offered at nine and a half hours. On normal days the afternoon tamid is slaughtered at eight and a half hours (remember the day is divided into twelve equal hours). It is offered at nine and a half hours. This leaves another two and a half hours to perform other tasks, such as various grain and incense offerings and lighting the menorah, the last thing done in the Temple before nightfall.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וקרב בשבע ומחצה – the completion of its offering is at seven and one-half hours (1:30 pm) for we tarry one hour while performing this ritual.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
On the eve of Pesah it is slaughtered at seven and a half hours and offered at eight and a half hours, whether it is a weekday or Shabbat. On the eve of Pesah they moved the tamid sacrifice up one hour to give more time afterwards to sacrifice the pesah. This was true whether the eve of Pesah fell on Shabbat or on a weekday.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
If the eve of Pesah fell on the eve of Shabbat it is slaughtered at six and a half hours and offered at seven and a half hours, and the pesah offering after it. The only exception to this was when the eve of Pesah fell on the eve of Shabbat. In this case they had to finish roasting the pesah lamb before Shabbat began since cooking is prohibited on Shabbat. Therefore, they offered the tamid sacrifice as early as possible at six and a half hours which is when the sun begins to set. The afternoon tamid cannot be offered earlier because at an earlier time it is not afternoon. They would then immediately begin to slaughter and prepare the pesah lamb.
