Commentaire sur Péa 6:5
שְׁנֵי עֳמָרִים, שִׁכְחָה, וּשְׁלשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. שְׁנֵי צִבּוּרֵי זֵיתִים וְחָרוּבִין, שִׁכְחָה, וּשְׁלשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. שְׁנֵי הוּצְנֵי פִשְׁתָּן, שִׁכְחָה, וּשְׁלשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. שְׁנֵי גַרְגְּרִים, פֶּרֶט, וּשְׁלשָׁה אֵינָן פֶּרֶט. שְׁנֵי שִׁבֳּלִים, לֶקֶט, וּשְׁלֹשָׁה אֵינָן לֶקֶט. אֵלּוּ כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. וְעַל כֻּלָּן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׁלשָׁה, לָעֲנִיִּים, וְאַרְבָּעָה, לְבַעַל הַבָּיִת:
Deux gerbes sont Shikhechah et trois ne sont pas Shikhechah , deux tas d'olives ou de caroubes sont Shikhechah et trois ne sont pas Shikhechah , deux tiges de lin sont Shikhechah et trois ne sont pas Shikhechah , deux raisins simples sont Peret [raisins tombés donnés aux pauvres] et trois ne sont pas Peret , deux épis de blé sont Leket [ glanages tombés donnés aux pauvres] et trois ne sont pas Leket - [ce sont] les paroles de Beit Hillel; concernant tout cela, Beit Shammai a dit: Trois [appartiennent] aux pauvres et quatre au propriétaire.
Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Two bundles of olives or carobs are “forgotten” but three are not “forgotten.”
Two flax-stalks are “forgotten”, but three are not “forgotten”.
Two grapes are considered “grape gleanings,” but three are not “grape gleanings.”
Two ears of grain are deemed “gleanings,” but three are not gleanings.”
All these [rulings] are according to Bet Hillel. And concerning them all Bet Shammai says that three [that are left] belong to the poor, and four belong to the owner.
The general rule of this mishnah is if that two things left lying together are considered to have been forgotten but three things left lying together are assumed to have been left there intentionally so that the owner could come back and collect them later. Hence they are not considered forgotten. This rule applies to two different types of gifts to the poor: “forgotten” and “gleanings.” The category of gleanings can be divided into two different types, each with its own Hebrew term: grain (leket) and grapes (peret).
In the sixth section of the mishnah we learn that the opinions found in the first five all belong to Bet Hillel. In contrast, Bet Shammai holds that if three things are left together in the field they are considered forgotten or gleanings. Only if four things are left together do they still belong to the owner.