Commentaire sur Péa 6:4
וְאֵלּוּ הֵן רָאשֵׁי שׁוּרוֹת. שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהִתְחִילוּ מֵאֶמְצַע הַשּׁוּרָה, זֶה פָּנָיו לַצָּפוֹן וְזֶה פָּנָיו לַדָּרוֹם, וְשָׁכְחוּ לִפְנֵיהֶם וּלְאַחֲרֵיהֶם, אֶת שֶׁלִּפְנֵיהֶם שִׁכְחָה, וְאֶת שֶׁלְּאַחֲרֵיהֶם אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. יָחִיד שֶׁהִתְחִיל מֵרֹאשׁ הַשּׁוּרָה, וְשָׁכַח לְפָנָיו וּלְאַחֲרָיו, שֶׁלְּפָנָיו אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה, וְשֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו שִׁכְחָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בְּבַל תָּשׁוּב (דברים כד). זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁהוּא בְּבַל תָּשׁוּב, שִׁכְחָה. וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ בְּבַל תָּשׁוּב, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה:
Et ce sont les chefs de rangs: deux qui sont partis du milieu de la rangée, celui-ci face au nord et celui-là face au sud, et ils ont oublié [quelques gerbes] avant eux et après eux, ceux qui sont devant eux sont Shikhechah et ceux qui sont derrière eux ne sont pas Shikhechah . Un individu qui part de la tête du rang et oublie [quelques gerbes] avant lui-même et après lui-même, ce qui est devant lui n'est pas Shikhechah et ce qui est après lui est Shikhechah , car il tombe sous [l'interdiction de] "Do Sans retour." C'est la règle générale, tout ce qui tombe sous "Ne pas revenir" est Shikhechah , et tout ce qui ne relève pas de "Ne pas revenir" n'est pas Shikhechah .
Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
שנים שהתחילו מאמצע שורה – of sheaves, this one turned his face to the north and that one turned his face to the south.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Introduction
This mishnah is a continuation of yesterday’s mishnah, which said that something that was left at the end of a row was not considered “forgotten.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
ושכחו לפניהם – after they had started to bind and pile the sheaves, they skipped and forgot it, that is forgetting, as we call it (Deuteronomy 24:19): “Do not turn back to get it.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
These are to be considered ends of the rows:
If two men begin [to gather] from the middle of the row, one facing north and the other south and they forget [some sheaves] in front of them and behind them, those left in front of them are “forgotten,” but those left behind them are not “forgotten.” The mishnah will now explain two rules concerning when something is considered not to be forgotten because it was left at the end of a row. The first refers to a situation where two men begin in the middle of a row, one gathering sheaves while walking north and one gathering sheaves while walking south. In such a case any sheaves they leave in front of them are considered forgotten. Although these sheaves are at ends of rows, they are considered forgotten because when two people gather the sheaves in this way, they should complete their half of the field. There is no reason for the person walking north to leave a sheaf at the end of his row, and hence, if he does, it is considered forgotten. But if he leaves a sheaf behind him, then it is not forgotten because he may be assuming that the other person will collect it. For instance, let’s say that one person began at the seventh sheaf in a row and went south, and the other began at the fifth sheaf and went north. The sixth sheaf is not forgotten because each assumes that the other person will gather it.
If two men begin [to gather] from the middle of the row, one facing north and the other south and they forget [some sheaves] in front of them and behind them, those left in front of them are “forgotten,” but those left behind them are not “forgotten.” The mishnah will now explain two rules concerning when something is considered not to be forgotten because it was left at the end of a row. The first refers to a situation where two men begin in the middle of a row, one gathering sheaves while walking north and one gathering sheaves while walking south. In such a case any sheaves they leave in front of them are considered forgotten. Although these sheaves are at ends of rows, they are considered forgotten because when two people gather the sheaves in this way, they should complete their half of the field. There is no reason for the person walking north to leave a sheaf at the end of his row, and hence, if he does, it is considered forgotten. But if he leaves a sheaf behind him, then it is not forgotten because he may be assuming that the other person will collect it. For instance, let’s say that one person began at the seventh sheaf in a row and went south, and the other began at the fifth sheaf and went north. The sixth sheaf is not forgotten because each assumes that the other person will gather it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
ולאחריהם אינו שכחה – if when they turned their faces – this one to the north and that one to the south, and they began to bind and pile the sheaves, and there remained one sheaf between them that they had forgotten, that is not forgetting, because both of them relied upon each upon the other and through that it was forgotten.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
If an individual begins from the end of the row and he forgets [some sheaves] in front of him and behind him, those in front of him are not “forgotten”, whereas those behind him are “forgotten,” for this comes under the category of “you shall not go back [to retrieve it].” The opposite rule applies if one person is gathering. Here the rule is simpler. That which he leaves in front of him is not forgotten. It is not covered by the prohibition of “do not go back to retrieve it” (Deuteronomy 24:19) because he hasn’t passed over it yet. However, that which he leaves behind is forgotten because to get to it, he would have to go back. It turns out that for an individual the beginning of a row that is not considered to be forgotten is really at the end of the row, whereas for two people it is the middle of the row that is not considered forgotten.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
יחיד שהתחיל מראש השורה – Now it explains to that which is taught in the Mishnah above (Tractate Peah, Chapter 6, Mishnah 3), [as regards a sheaf at] the end of the row, [the presence of] a sheaf at the end of the row across from it proves [that the first sheaf has not been forgotten], such as there are ten rows here of ten by ten Omers set up by rows from the north to the south, and he began to bind and pile the sheaves at the end of one row and he forgot an Omer behind it, that is forgetting, since he passed it and an Omer stands near it, we call that (Deuteronomy 24:19): “Do not turn back to get it.” Bu if he forgot one Omer/sheaf or two at the end of the row, that is in front of him, and he placed them and return and began to bind and pile the sheaves from the beginning of the second row, that is not forgetting, for we don’t call it “Do not turn back” (ibid.), for I saw that it is his intention to work on another row from those which he left from east to west, and that is what is taught in the Mishnah (in Tractate Peah, Chapter 6, Mishnah 3), at the end of the row across from it proves the point, for the Omer sheaves of the other rows prove concerning those which he left that they were not forgotten and are fit to be considered with them in another row.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
This is the general rule: anything that can be said to fall under the law “you shall not go back” is considered “forgotten,” but that to which the principle of “you shall not go back” cannot be applied is not considered “forgotten.” The mishnah now provides a general rule: if one has to go back to retrieve the sheaf then it is considered forgotten, provided we don’t assume that he may have left it there intentionally. If he doesn’t have to go back to retrieve it because he has not yet passed it, it is not forgotten and he may still collect it.
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