Commentaire sur Orlah 2:14
שְׂאֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְשֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, לֹא בָזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ וְלֹא בָזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, וְנִצְטָרְפוּ וְחִמְּצוּ, אָסוּר לְזָרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לְזָרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים:
Si le levain de Terumah et le levain de Kilayim du vignoble sont tombés dans une pâte et que chacun individuellement n'a pas assez d'une quantité pour effectuer la fermentation, mais ensemble, ils ont provoqué la fermentation, la pâte est interdite aux non- Kohanim , et autorisée à Kohanim . Le rabbin Shimon autorise les non- Kohanim et Kohanim .
Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
אסור לזרים – The Rabbis according to their reasoning who stated above (see Mishnah 10 of this chapter) that spices of two or three types combine to forbid the thing that had been seasoned.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Introduction
This mishnah deals with leaven of terumah and leaven of kilayim which fell into dough. Neither piece of leaven is sufficient to cause fermentation, but together they cause fermentation. According to the rabbis’ opinion found in mishnah ten, the dough is not prohibited to everyone because of the kilayim, since the kilayim leaven was not in and of itself sufficient to cause fermentation. The question asked in our mishnah is: what about the terumah leaven? Does it join with the kilayim leaven to cause the dough to be forbidden to priests?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
ומותר לכהנים – for heave-offering/Terumah is permitted to them, but there isn’t in mixed seeds of a vineyard enough to leaven.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Leaven of terumah and of kilayim of the vineyard which fell into dough, this one is not sufficient to cause fermentation, nor is that one sufficient to cause fermentation, but together they cause fermentation:
It [the dough] is prohibited to non-priests and permitted to priests. The rabbis in mishnah twelve hold that two forbidden substances join together to create a prohibition. Since both terumah and kilayim are prohibited to non-priests, the dough is prohibited to non-priests. However, the dough is not prohibited to priests because priests can eat terumah and the kilayim leaven was not sufficient to cause fermentation on its own.
It [the dough] is prohibited to non-priests and permitted to priests. The rabbis in mishnah twelve hold that two forbidden substances join together to create a prohibition. Since both terumah and kilayim are prohibited to non-priests, the dough is prohibited to non-priests. However, the dough is not prohibited to priests because priests can eat terumah and the kilayim leaven was not sufficient to cause fermentation on its own.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
ר"ש מתיר זרים – according to his reasoning that he said that two or three types from one species do not combine.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Rabbi Shimon permits it to both to non-priests and to priests. Rabbi Shimon is consistent with his own opinion in mishnah ten, that substances of different categories do not combine. The leaven of terumah and the leaven of kilayim do not combine and since neither is sufficient to cause fermentation, the dough is permitted to everyone.
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