Les éléments suivants peuvent devenir impurs et peuvent rendre d'autres choses impures mais ne se combinent pas. Les racines d'ail, d'oignon et de poireau lorsqu'ils sont secs et leurs tiges à l'endroit où il n'y a pas de nourriture contre eux, et la poignée d'une vigne une poignée de chaque côté, la poignée d'une grappe de raisin, en toute quantité et la queue d'une grappe de raisin qui est devenue exposée [par l'enlèvement des raisins] et quatre poignées de la poignée du palmier dattier, et les trois poignées d'un épi de grain et trois poignées de toutes les poignées de choses qui sont coupées, et tout ce qui n'est pas habituellement coupé, même une infime quantité de leurs poignées ou racines, et les soies d'un épi de grain, ces choses peuvent devenir impures, et peuvent rendre d'autres choses impures mais ne se combinent pas.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
מיטמאים ומטמאים ולא מצטרפים – because they are handles only, and do not protect the food.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
Introduction
Today's mishnah lists part of produce that are considered part of the produce for matters of defiling and being defiled. If they are defiled, the rest is defiled and vice versa. But they do not join together to make up the requisite minimum because they are not food.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
ויד הפרכיל (the handle, stem of a vine) – when the grapes are cut with the vine-shoot/rod, they are called פרכיל/handle, stem of a vine. The language of (see Tractate Betzah 30b and Tractate Sukkah 10a) twigs with grapes.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
The following are both defiled and defile, but do not join together [together with the rest]: Roots of garlic, onions or leeks when they are dry, the stalk that is not within the edible part, the twig of a vine a handbreadth long on either side, the stem of the cluster whatsoever be its length, the tail of the cluster bereft of grapes, the stem of the ‘broom’ of the palm-tree to a length of four handbreadths, the stalk of the ear [of grain] to a length of three handbreadths, and the stalk of all things that are cut, to the length of three handbreadths. Most of the items listed here can be used to hold the produce but are not edible. Thus they are considered "handles" to food but are not "food". They are defiled and defile but since they are not "food" they are not reckoned to reach the requisite minimum needed to be susceptible to impurity. I will explain just a few of these things that are unclear: The "broom of the palm-tree" is the part of the tree that has the dates on its end. It is a "handle" for the dates. Stalks are not eaten but are used to handle grains. It's only necessary to have about three handbreadths so only three handbreadths counts as a handle. Beyond that, the stalk is impervious to impurity and doesn't convey impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
טפח מכאן וטפח מכאן – the vine-shoot that is cut and the clusters [of grapes] are suspended/hang on it, a handbreadth from the vine-shoot from the right of the cluster and a handbreadth from the left, is considered a handle, but not more.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
In the case of those things not usually cut, their stalks and roots of any size whatsoever. If produce is generally not "cut," meaning it is not harvested with something like a scythe, then any sized stalk or root could be used as a handle. Since these parts will not usually be attached, if he leaves them attached then he must have intended them to be used as a handle.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
יד האשכול – the peduncle/point of the cluster [of grapes] is suspended/hanging from the vine-shoot/rod, which is the handle of the cluster.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
As for the outer husks of grains, they defile and are defiled, but do not join together. The outer husks of grains are not edible but they are "handles."
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
כל שהוא – even if it is very long.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
זנב האשכול – the end of the cluster [of grapes]
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
שריקנו (the skeleton of a cluster of grapes which one has stripped – of its grapes) – that were loosened from it the globules/stone, kernel of a stone fruit, even that it is the handle to the grapes at its head/top, that we hold it by its ail. And even its measurement is whatever the amount, and even very long.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
והמכבד של תמרה (the fan-shaped twig of the palm tree/the broom of the palm tree) – the fan-shaped twigs of the palm trees and upon them are palms, the measurement is the length of their handle to include the defilement of four handbreadths, but not more.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
ומלעין של שבלים (the outer husk of grains/glume) – upper beard of the ear of corn that extended on its head, like a kind of hair of a beard.
