Si elle fait une fausse couche d'un [fœtus] asexué ou d'un [fœtus] androgyne, elle doit s'asseoir pendant [le nombre de jours d'impureté et de pureté requis pour celui qui donne naissance à] un homme et pour [celui qui donne naissance à] une femme . Si [elle fait une fausse couche] un [fœtus] asexué et un [fœtus de sexe masculin, à la fois], ou un androgyne et un homme, elle doit s'asseoir pendant [le nombre de jours requis pour celui qui donne naissance à] un homme et pour [un qui donne naissance à] une femme. Si [elle fait une fausse couche] un [fœtus] asexué et une femme [fœtus, à la fois], ou un androgyne et une femme, elle ne devrait s'asseoir que pendant [le nombre de jours requis pour celui qui donne naissance à] une femme. S'il a émergé en morceaux ou à l'envers, une fois que la majorité a émergé, il est considéré comme né. S'il est sorti normalement, [il n'est pas considéré comme né] tant que la majorité de sa tête n'a pas émergé. Et quelle est [considérée comme] la majorité de sa tête? Une fois que son front émerge.
Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
תשב לזכר ונקבה – she is [ritually] impure for two weeks like [the birth of] a female, and her days of purity are only thirty-three like [the birth of] a male.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
If a woman aborted a tumtum or an androginos, she must sit for a male and a female. A tumtum is one who has no recognizable signs of gender. An androginos has both male and female signs. If a woman gives birth to either of these, she must act stringently and be impure for both a male and female (see mishnah two). Again, what this means is that she is impure for as long as she would be if she gave birth to a female and pure only for as long as she would be had she given birth to a female.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
טומטום וזכר – as for example that she gave birth, one whose sexual organs are concealed or a hermaphrodite, and the other is a definite male.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
[If she gave birth] to a tumtum and a male, or to an androginos and a male, she must sit for a male and a female. In this case, she gave birth to a child of doubtful status and a certain male. Therefore, she must sit for both a male and female (in case the tumtum or andrigonos is female).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
תשב לזכר ולנקבה – but we don’t say that from this definite male [child], this other one is also a male.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
[If she gave birth] to a tumtum and a female or an androginos and a female, she must sit only for a female. Here we know she gave birth to a female. Therefore, she is impure for the longer period (14 days). And as far as the days of purity, she certainly is pure for the 66 day period, even if the tumtum or andrigonos was a male.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
תשב לנקבה בלבד – and even if it is one whose sexual organs are concealed is a male, we follow after the females, for all the days of a male, whether for [ritual] impurity or whether for purity they are absorbed within that of the female.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
If the embryo came out in pieces or in a reversed position it is deemed born as soon as its greater part come out. The final two sections deal with the question of when a birth has been determined to have taken place. Some of the ramifications of this include when it is allowed to abort the pregnancy to save the woman's life and at what point does she become impure. If it comes out in pieces or legs first, the birth is determined as occurring once most of the body has come out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
מחותך – limb by limb.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
If it came out in the normal way [it is not deemed born] until the greater part of its head came out. And what is meant by the "greater part of its head"? Once the forehead comes out. If the birth occurs in a normal way, head first, then the birth is considered to have taken place once the forehead is out. This is the definition of "most of the head."
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
מסורס – the language of opposite, like [Tractate Bava Batra 119b]: “invert the order in which the persons are mentioned in that verse (in reference to Numbers 27:2) and interpret it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
משיצא רובו הרי הוא כילוד – and his head is like the majority. Therefore, when the head of someone who is cut up by limbs comes out, even though all the rest of the body is inside, it is like it is born.
