Si l'on désire bénéficier de son prochain, il ne peut pas lui prêter (objets) et il ne peut pas lui emprunter; il ne peut pas lui prêter (d'argent) et il ne peut pas lui emprunter. [("Il ne peut pas lui prêter (objets)": un décret de peur qu'il n'emprunte de lui après avoir juré d'en bénéficier. De même, il ne peut pas lui prêter (d'argent), un décret de peur de lui emprunter.] Il peut ne pas lui vendre et il ne peut pas acheter de lui. [Il ne peut pas lui vendre à un prix inférieur à son coût, un décret de peur qu'il ne l'achète à un prix inférieur à son coût et ne profite ainsi de lui.] Si un homme dit (à son voisin): "Prêter moi ton taureau », et l'autre dit:« Ce n'est pas libre maintenant », et le premier:« Konam, si jamais je laboure mon champ avec (ton taureau)! »Si c'était sa pratique de le labourer, il est interdit (d'utiliser le) bœuf, et tous les autres permis. (Car il avait l'intention seulement de ne pas le labourer, comme c'était son habitude, mais d'autres peuvent le faire.)] Si ce n'était pas sa pratique de le labourer, lui et tous d'autres sont interdits. [Son intention était que ni lui ni les autres ne le labourent.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
המודר הנאה חמבירו לא ישאילנו – as a decree lest he borrow from him, and he forbade benefit of that person upon him. But similarly, he cannot lend him, as a decree lest he borrow from him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
The first section continues to discuss prohibitions applicable to a person who cannot derive benefit from another because of a vow. The second section is a digression from the topic of our chapter.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
ולא ימכור לו – for less than its worth/value, a decree lest he also purchase from him for less than its worth/value and it is found that he is benefitting.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
He who is forbidden by vow to benefit from his neighbor may not lend [objects] to him or borrow from him, lend [money] to him or receive from him a loan, sell to him or purchase from him. If Reuven cannot receive benefit from Shimon, he certainly may not borrow from him. Our mishnah teaches that he is prohibited even from lending to him, lest by doing so he also borrows. This fear of reciprocity is the reasoning that lies behind the following mutual prohibition as well. Obviously, Reuven cannot borrow money, but the mishnah teaches he may not even lend money to Shimon, lest he borrow as well. Reuven cannot sell or buy lest he benefit from either transaction.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אם היה דרכו לחרוז הוא אסור – he did not intend other than that he himself should not plow like he was accustomed, but others will plow.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
One says to another, “Lend me your cow.” [The other] says, “It is not available.” [The first one] says, “Konam, if I ever plow my field with it’. If he generally plowed himself, he is forbidden, but others are permitted. But if he did not generally plow himself, he and others are forbidden. This section is not directly related to the larger topic of this chapter. It is brought here because it also has to do with lending and vowing. Reuven asks Shimon to borrow his cow to plow with it. Shimon responds that his cow is not available. Reuven, being somewhat impatient, takes a vow that he will never use Shimon’s cow to plow his field. The mishnah rules that if Reuven normally plows on his own, Shimon can lend him the cow and others can plow Reuven’s field with it. In other words, we interpret Reuven’s vow literally; Reuven cannot plow with it, but others can. However, if Reuven does not normally plow, then obviously when he said “Konam, if I ever plow my field with it”, then he meant “Konam, if my field is ever plowed with it.” Therefore, even others may not plow his field with Shimon’s cow.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
ואם אין דרכו לחרוש – his intention was not to plow it, neither him nor others.
