Si l'on dit à son voisin: «Konam», «Konach», «Konas», ce sont des épithètes de «korban» (offrande). [Ce sont des expressions gentiles, certaines faisant référence à une offrande par l'un (de ces termes); certains, par un autre. Avec chacun, il fait référence à une offrande.] «Cherek», «Cherech», «Cheref»—ce sont des épithètes de «cherem» (dédicace). «Nazik», «Naziach», «Paziach»—ce sont des épithètes de "Neziruth" (naziritisme). «Shevutah», «Shekukah», (et) s'il a juré avec «Mota» [c'est-à-dire s'il a juré avec «Motah». "Motah" est une épithète de "Momta", qui, en targum, est un serment]— ce sont des épithètes pour "shevuah" (un serment).
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
קונם קונח קונס הרי אלו כנויין לקרבן – these are the languages of non-Jews, and there are from them one who calls for a certain sacrifice, and there is one wo calls such, and in every language when he states from these [forms of language] he causes to take hold of a sacrifice.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
This mishnah continues to discuss the various substitutes for vows. All of the cases here are words that sound like the normal word used for taking a vow, or a typical substitute.
Interestingly, there is a debate in the Talmud over the source of these substitutes. R. Yochanan says that their source is the language of the Gentiles and Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish says that the Sages invented them so that people would not actually say the real word.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
נדר במותא – meaning to say that he took an oath to curse, which is a substitute of an oath/imprecation, and it is a an oath in the language of an Aramaic translation
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
One who says, “konam” “qonah” or “qonas”: these are the substitutes for korban. The normal substitute for “korban”, a sacrifice is “konam”. Our mishnah lists substitutes for “konam”. All are valid as vows.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
“Herek” “herech” or “heref,” these are substitutes for herem. All of these are words that have just been slightly changed from the real word “herem” which we already saw in yesterday’s mishnah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
“Nazik” “naziah” “paziah” these are substitutes for nazirite vows. All of these are slight modifications of the word “nazir”, the Hebrew for nazirite.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
“Shevuthah” “shekukah” or one who vows with the word “mota” these are substitutes for shevuah (an. The first two are slight modifications of “shevuah”, an oath. “Mota” is a modification of the Aramaic word, “momta”, which means oath. In all of these cases the substitution is effective.
